HORTICULTURE. 467 



winter has been especially severe on this variety. Practically all of the trees outside 

 of the peach region have been injured or killed, and many trees have suffered in 

 Localities where peaches have grown. In the northern counties of the State it is 

 reported that all Baldwins have been killed. It appears to the author that the Bald- 

 win apple is not more hardy than the peach, and should not, therefore, be grown 

 i mtside of peach regions. The author believes, however, that the Baldwin apple can 

 well be dispensed with, since there are a number of other varieties which are much 

 more satisfactory in Michigan as a dessert apple. 



The orange in northern and central California, E. J. Wickson {San Francisco: 

 California State Board of Trade [1904], PP- H, pi- 1)- — Attention is called to the 

 desirability of northern and central California as a locality for the growing of citrus 

 fruits. The oranges of northern California ripen in advance of those of the southern 

 part of the State, chiefly on account of the influences exerted by the presence of the 

 Coast Range which serves as a wind-break. Some suggestions are given on locating 

 citrus orchards in this region. 



The story of the papaw, F. B. Kilmer {Bui. Dept. Agr. Jamaica, 1 {1903), No. 

 8, pp. 181-189; 2 {1904), Nos. 4, pp. 84-91; 5, pp. 113-119; 8, pp. 178-181; reprinted 

 front Amer. Jour. Pharm., 73 {1901), pp. 272-285, 336-348, 383-395, figs. 14, map 1).— 

 An account of the botany, characteristics, and culture of the papaw {Carica papaya), 

 with detailed results of the chemical study of the milk of the papaw, including 

 analyses of papaw latex, papaw proteids, ferments, glucosids, and alkaloids. The 

 analytical methods employed are noted. An account is also given of market prepa- 

 rations of the papaw, of experiments on the digestive action of the ferment of the 

 papaw, and of the products of digestion by the papaw ferment. 



Peach trees in winter, W. F. Fletcher {Country Gent., 69 {1904), No. 2693, pp. 

 818, 819). — The author made an investigation of the injuries to peach trees caused by 

 the severe weather during the winter of 1903-4. In overcoming the injurious effects 

 of winter freezing the author found that moderate pruning, good culture, plenty of 

 fertilizer, and a close watch on insect pests were the best tonics for a frozen tree. 

 Trees at high elevations suffered less than those in low places. Trees having a gen- 

 eral exposure were less affected than those in sunny, sheltered pockets. It was found 

 that moisture in the bark of the trees during the first few warm days of early spring 

 indicated life in the stem or roots. 



Japanese persimmons, H. H. Hume and F. C. Reimer (Florida Sta. Bui. 71, pp. 

 68-110, figs. 9). — Notes are given on the history of the Japanese persimmon in the 

 United States; the botany of the persimmon, with a classification and description of 

 varieties, and cultural notes, including directions for propagating, fertilizing, cultivat- 

 ing, pruning, and marketing. Several insects which affect persimmons are described 

 by H. A. Gossard and remedies suggested for their control. A bibliography of 46 

 papers on Japanese persimmons is appended. 



The authors classify Japanese persimmons into light-fleshed varieties, dark -fleshed 

 varieties, and mixed-fleshed varieties. They state that, as a rule, dark-fleshed varieties 

 and seeds accompany each other in the case of Japanese persimmons, though Triumph 

 is an exception to this rule. A certain correlation was found between the shape of 

 the fruit and the shape of the seeds. An illustration is given showing the shape of 

 the seeds of 16 varieties. 



The ripening season of Japanese persimmons is such that the early varieties come 

 into competition in the north with late peaches and grapes, and the late varieties 

 with apples and early oranges. For home use the authors recommend varieties cov- 

 ering the whole season, as follows: Yemon, Tanenashi, Zengi, Costata, Triumph, and 

 Tsuru. For commercial purposes the following varieties are recommended: Yemon, 

 Tabers No. 129, Tanenashi, Hachiya, Hyakume, Costata, Triumph, and Tsuru. 



The American persimmon {Diospyros virginiana) is considered the best stock for 

 Japanese varieties, as it is larger and more vigorous than the Japanese stock. The 



