482 EXPERIMENT STATION RECORD. 



The brunissure of grapes, L. Ravaz (Ann. Ecole Nat. Agr. Montpellier, n. ger., 

 3 {1903), No. .\ pp. 145-156; 3 (1904), Nos. 3, pp. 175-251; ■',. pp. 286-327, pis. 2, figs. 

 41). — This is an extended account of investigations by the author on the cause, 

 nature, and prevention of brunissure, preliminary statements regarding which have 

 been noted elsewhere (E. S. R., 15, p. 591; 16, p. 272). 



The history of the disease and various theories regarding its causes are reviewed, 

 and the author's experiments are described at length. As previously stated, the 

 author claims that this disease is not of parasitic origin, but is due to an impoverished 

 condition brought about by overbearing or other causes. The author states that 

 neither scale insects nor mites can cause it, and that Plasmodiophora vitis and Pst ■n<l<>- 

 commis litis of various authors are not fungi but conditions in which there is a disin- 

 tegration of the chloroleucites and cell contents. 



In addition to overbearing, the presence of mildews, black rot, and other fungi, by 

 weakening the plant, may favor the appearance of brunissure. Pruning, fertilizing, 

 cultivating, etc., by increasing the vigor of the vines, tend to protect them from 

 disease. As a rule, young vines are more subject to the disease than older ones. 



Notes on the gray rot, E. Oustri {Prog. Agr. et Vit. (Ed. L'Est), 25 (1904), No. 

 29, p. 64, pi. 1). — A brief description is given of the gray rot of grapes caused by 

 Botrytis cinerea; and for its prevention the author recommends the application to 

 the vines of a mixture of hydraulic lime 65 kg., precipitated sulphur 25 kg., and 

 sublimed sulphur 10 kg. This mixture is said to have given excellent results in 

 combating the fungus. It is economical and easy of application. 



Development of the black-rot fungus, P. Viala and P. Pacottet (Rev. Vit., 22 

 (1904), Nos. 552, pp. 33-36; 553, pp. 61-64; 554, pp. 89-92, fig. 1).— The results of 

 an extended series of investigations on the development of the black-rot fungus 

 (Guignardi [Lsestadia] bidwellii) are given. The methods of obtaining and propa- 

 gating the cultures are described at length, and the effect of temperature, moisture, 

 toxic agents, etc., on the growth and reproduction of the organism are fully noted. 



Notes on the black rot, A. Prunet ( Rev. Vit., 22 (1904), No. 561, pp. 289-291).— 

 The dependence of the fungus on the spring rains for the spread of the primary 

 invasion is pointed out, and a discussion given of the bearing this has on the proper 

 application of fungicides for the control of the disease. The primary invasion is 

 confined principally to the leaves and makes its appearance early in the season. In 

 the secondary invasion the fungus attacks the fruit. The vines which escaped the 

 primary invasion are less subject to secondary attacks. 



Macrophoma reniformis on grapes in Algeria, L. Trabut (Rev. Vit., 22 (1904), 

 No. 558, j). 217). — The author reports the occurrence of Macrophoma reniformis on 

 Chasselas grapes in the markets of Algiers. This fungus has been reported in Italy, 

 Russia, and various other places, but has not hitherto been recognized as occurring 

 in Algerian vineyards. 



Culture and development of the grape anthracnose fungus, P. Viala and 

 P. Pacottet (Rev. Vit., 22 (1904), Nos. 555, pp. 117-121; 556, pp. 145-150, figs. 10).— 

 The authors have isolated and studied the fungus (Sphaceloma ampelinum) causing 

 the grape anthracnose, and give the results of their studies. It is claimed that the 

 fungus, which has been known only from its conidial stage, is improperly classified, 

 and it is referred to as a new genus and the name Manginia ampelina given it. 



Puccinia polygoni-amphibii and. -fficidium sanguinolentum, H. Vanderyst 

 (Rer. Gen. Agron. [Louvairi], 13 (1904), No. 5, pp. 219-222).— Studies of the rusts 

 commonly found on various species of geranium and Polygonum have convinced the 

 author that JEcidium sanguinolentum and Puccinia polygoni-amphibii are different 

 forms of the same hetercecious fungus. 



A new species of Thielaviopsis, L. Petri (A t uovo Gior. Bot. Ital., 1903, No. 4, 

 pp. 582-584; abs. in Bot. Cenlbl., 95 (1904), No. 22, p. 592).— A description is given of 

 a new species of Thielaviopsis, which has been observed by the author on the roots 



