ANIMAL PRODUCTION. 493 



The excretion of carbon dioxid -when different sorts of sugar are consumed, 

 J. E. Johansson, J. Billstrom, and C. Hki.il (Skand. Arch. Physiol., 16 (1904), No. 

 3-4, pp. 268-272, figs. 5). — Respiration experiments with men were made to deter- 

 mine the effect of different sorts of sugar upon the excretion of carbon dioxid. Cane 

 sugar and levulose were found to have much the same effect. With levulose the 

 increase was much greater than with dextrose, which would go to show that the 

 levulose is burned more quickly in the body and stored in the form of glycogen less 

 rapidly than dextrose. 



Muscular contraction and energy, A. Chauveau (Com/it. Rend. Acad. Sci. 

 Paris, Ids ( 1904), No. 24, pp. 1465-1470; abs. in Jour. Chem. Soc. [London], 86 ( 1904 I, 

 No. 502, II, pp. 575, 576). — Using a new form of apparatus, the conditions of mus- 

 cular work in man can, in the author's opinion, be accurately studied. The amount 

 of oxygen absorbed during work is very nearly proportional to the work done. 

 When working slowly the values of the oxygen absorbed are reduced. The respira- 

 tory quotient is always increased. Both static and dynamic forms of muscular con- 

 traction were studied. In the former the muscles of the forearm worked against 

 measured resistance without raising a weight, while in the second a weight was 

 raised. 



Observations on hygiene, A. Proust, A. Netter, and H. Bouroes (Trad,' 

 (Fhygiene. Paris: Masson <.(• Co., pp. 1245, tigs. 204; >'<-''■ in Per. Soc. Sci. Hyg. Ali- 

 ment., 1 (1904), No. 1, p. 95). — One of the principal sections of this handbook is 

 devoted to food and diet. 



ANIMAL PRODUCTION. 



Fodders and feeds, L, A. Vooriiees et al. (Nevj Jersey Stas. Rpt. 1903, pj>. 76- 

 122). — Data are given regarding the analysis of commercial feeding stuffs and their 

 market prices. The analytical data have been noted from a previous publication 

 (E. S. R., 15, p. 288). 



Changes in the composition of corn meal due to the action of molds, 

 J. P. Street ( New Jersey Stas. Rpt. 1903, ]>]>. 1 .'3-147). — The author has continued his 

 studies of the changes brought about in corn meal by the growth of micro-organisms 

 (E. S. P., 14, p. 380). It was found that the spores of Penicillium glaucum and 

 certain bacteria are generally present in commercial corn meal and will develop 

 spontaneously under proper conditions of moisture, from 25.42 to 38.40 per cent 

 being favorable to the growth of mold. The maximum growth was obtained at the 

 lower figure. Not only does an excess of moisture cause an increased growth of 

 mold, but with this increase of mold also appears a large increase of moisture, in 

 one of the experiments reported amounting to 68.5 per cent. The action of P. 

 glaucum on the food constituents of the meal is probably due to the enzyms it 

 secretes. 



The loss of fat varied from 3.5 to 70.4 per cent, according to the amount of water 

 present, reaching the maximum with a moisture content of 25 to 29 per cent. With 

 a moisture content of 21 per cent there was a development of mold, only visible 

 microscopically, but yet causing a loss of over 12 per cent of fat. The losses in total 

 proteids were small. However, when bacteria were present this loss was very large. 

 Not only were total proteids lost, but the chief part of this loss fell on the albumi- 

 noids, a part being converted into less valuable amido-compounds, and other por- 

 tions being volatilized as ammonia. 



The changes in total ash were trifling. The changes in crude fiber were small 

 where P. glaucum alone was used, but in the presence of Mucor and the bacterial 

 growth an increase of fiber from 72 to 78 per cent was observed. P. glaucum had 

 practically no effect on the total nitrogen-free extract, but Mucor and the bacteria 

 caused very great losses. 



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