512 EXPERIMENT STATION RECORD. 



treated with immune serum for the purpose of protecting them against rinderpest. 

 Twelve days after the second dose of ordinary prophylactic serum was given virulent 

 blood was obtained and the so-called simultaneous inoculation was given to all 

 except one of the cattle. 



Among the cattle treated in this way, all except those which had just been 

 imported from the United States gave reactions which were usually observed after 

 inoculation with rinderpest blood. The results of treatment with the American cat- 

 tle, however, were disastrous and a number of them died with the symptoms and 

 pathological lesions of Texas fever. 



The clinical history of all fatal cases was quite similar. These complications led to 

 a study of the origin of the disease. It was found by inoculation tests that the native 

 and Chinese cattle of the Philippine Islands were not susceptible to inoculation with 

 blood containing the Texas fever organism, and that blood obtained from these cattle 

 produced Texas fever in susceptible American cattle. It appears, therefore, that 

 Texas fever is enzootic in the Philippine Islands and that the majority of the native 

 and Chinese cattle are immune to the disease. 



The tick which serves to carry the disease in the Philippines is Boophilus australis. 

 Notes are given on the appearance, habits, life history, anatomy, and distribution of 

 this tick. It passes at present under various names, such as the Australian, South 

 American, Cuban, or Porto Rican tick, on account of its being found in all of these 

 countries, and is specifically distinct from the Texas-fever tick of the United States. 



Preliminary report on the study of rinderpest of cattle and carabaos in 

 the Philippine Islands, J. W. Jobling {Philippine Dept. Int., Bureau <>ort. Labs. 

 [Pub.'], 1903, No. 4, pp. 22, pi. 1). — A brief review is presented of the symptoms, 

 means of transmission, pathological anatomy, and treatment of rinderpest. While 

 most authors lay stress upon the frequency with which ulcers are to be found in the 

 mouth in cases of this disease, this statement is found to be contrary to the expe- 

 rience which the author had in the Philippines. Clinical notes are given on a number 

 of cases. 



In controlling the disease the author recommends immediate isolation of all affected 

 animals and the application of thorough disinfection. Exposed animals or other 

 healthy animals may be immunized by one of several methods, which have already 

 been described by different authors. These methods are briefly mentioned and 

 attention is called to their chief advantages and disadvantages. The simultaneous 

 method with serum and virulent cultures is perhaps best when it can be conveniently 

 applied. In distant provinces, where it is impossible to obtain help or means of using 

 this method, immunity may be produced by inoculation with defibrinated blood. 

 Little effect can be produced by the use of any known method of treatment for 

 rinderpest. 



Veterinary notes. Diseases of sheep, T. W. Cave {Jour. Southeast. Agr. Col., 

 Wye, 1904, No. 13, pp. 64-83, figs. 6). — The author investigated an outbreak of a dis- 

 ease among sheep in which the sheepmen referred to affected sheep as "struck." 

 The disease was found to be blackleg and the blackleg bacillus was found in every 

 case which was investigated bacteriologically. Vaccination experiments were tried 

 with satisfactory results. 



It was found that the single vaccine as applied to 200 sheep was perfectly safe, but 

 the duration of immunity thus produced was not determined. The double vaccine 

 proved to be somewhat uncertain in its action and was slightly dangerous under cer- 

 tain circumstances. The danger from the use of vaccine is apparently considerable 

 if vaccinated sheep are exposed to severe weather during the critical period. 



A tapeworm disease due to Moniezia expansa in lambs was studied by the author 

 and a successful method of control was elaborated. This consisted in accustoming 

 the lambs to eat from troughs as soon as possible after birth. As soon as the lambs 

 eat readily from the troughs a mixture containing linseed cake, pea meal, common 



