VETERINARY SCIENCE AND PRACTICE. 515 



setting shoes for the purpose of correcting, so far as possible, certain defects, such as 

 toe cracks, corns, navicular disease, overreaching, and founder. 



Alexins antagonistic to the spirillum of septicemia of fowls, C. Levaditi 

 (Ann. Just. Pasteur, 18 (1904), No. 8, pp. 511-526). — The author inoculated a number 

 of rabbits under the peritoneum with blood containing numerous spirilla from a fowl 

 killed on the third day of infection. 



It was found as a result of these experiments that no alexins were developed in the 

 organs or serum of inoculated rabbits at the end of the third day. On the seventh 

 day, however, an extract of the spleen had the power of agglutinating spirilla, and 

 the same was found to be true for extract of the omentum. It was found that 

 between the fifth and seventh days the serum had the power of protecting fowls 

 against the disease after inoculation, although the organs of such rabbits when exam- 

 ined and tested outside of the body showed no bactericidal power. The author 

 believes that the omentum and spleen may be looked upon as special depots for the 

 formation of alexins. 



Further experiments along the same line indicate that extracts prepared from 

 blood-forming organs (spleen, bone marrow, lymphatic ganglia) and the omentum 

 show the development of the agglutinating substances inside of 4 or 5 days. The 

 bactericidal power of extracts of these organs in vivo appears not to be developed 

 until after 2 days. The spirilla penetrate into the organs chiefly concerned in the 

 production of immunity by means of the circulatory system. 



Notes on the so-called paralysis tick, Ixodes pilosus, C. W. Mally (Agr. 

 Jour. Cape Good Hope, -25 (1904), No. 3, pp. 291-296). — This tick is quite generally 

 considered by farmers to be the cause of paralysis in sheep. A study was made of 

 the distribution, habits, and life history of the tick. From his study of the general 

 conditions surrounding outbreaks of so-called paralysis in sheep, the author con- 

 cludes that the tick is not in itself the cause of the disease, and that there is no evi- 

 dence to show that it may convey the disease. Paralysis is checked by proper dip- 

 ping. One attack of the disease does not lead to complete immunity. Further 

 experiments are necessary in working out the life history of the tick. 



Trypanosomiasis of horses in the Philippine Islands, W. E. Musgrave and 

 X. E. Williamson (Philippine Dept. Int., Bureau Govt. Labs. [Pub.], 1903, No. 3, pp. 

 28, pis. 2). — In this report an account is given of the history of this disease in the 

 Philippine Islands, the method of transmission and infection, symptoms, diagnosis, 

 and means of prevention. Excessive losses have been suffered from this disease in 

 the Philippines. The authors consider trypanosomiasis as one disease, including 

 surra, nagana, tsetse-fly disease, mal de caderas, and dourine. The prevention of the 

 spread of the disease to new centers may be brought about by the thorough applica- 

 tion of quarantine laws and the application of proper sanitary methods to infected 

 localities. 



Trypanosomiases in French Sudan, L. Cazalbou (Pec. Mid. Vet., 81 (1904), 

 No. 19, pp. 6 15-623). — Along the Bani River, which is a tributary of the Niger, 

 it has been found absolutely impossible to raise horses, cattle, sheep, goats, or 

 asses. None of these animals are able to live for more than 1 year. An examina- 

 tion of this region showed that a number of flies belonging to the genera Glossina 

 and Tabanus were present, and detailed notes are given on the form of trypanosomi- 

 asis in horses. An examination of the blood of affected horses showed that 2 species 

 of trypanosoma were present, one of which appeared to be T. brucei, and the other, 

 which was somewhat shorter, but thicker, was unknown. It appears to be a new 

 species and is referred to under the name trypanosoma of baleri, the latter being the 

 name of the disease as observed in French Sudan. 



Report of a journey in the region of Kilwa to determine the occurrence 

 and observe the habits of the tsetse fly, V. Lommel (Per. Land- u. Forstw. 

 Deutsch-Ostafrika, 1 (1903), No. 4, pp. 341-350, fig. 1). — Notes are given on the distri- 



