NOTES. 523 



Large numbers of students from the agricultural colleges were present, and a 

 meeting of the American Federation of Agricultural Students was held on the evening 

 of November 29. 



The student stock-judging contest, the fifth annual competition, took place on 

 November 26, and was participated in by the Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Ontario, and 

 Texas agricultural colleges and by the universities of Minnesota and Ohio. This year 

 the contest was divided into 2 sections, one for cattle, sheep, and hogs, and the 

 other for horses. The Ohio students won the Spoor trophy for the best work in 

 judging cattle, sheep, and swine, the Texas team ranking second. The Spoor trophy 

 for horse judging fell to the Iowa College, the Ontario team ranking next, Cash prizes 

 aggregating $500, offered by one of the Chicago commission firms, were awarded to 

 individual members of the competing teams making the highest score of points, 

 W. A. Martin, of Ohio, receiving first prize and W. C. McKillican, of Ontario, second. 



On November 28 a corn-judging contest was held for a fine bronze trophy, offered 

 by A. E. Cook, of Iowa, which was open to all college students. The only institu- 

 tions participating were the Iowa and Kansas colleges, first place being awarded to 

 the Kansas team. The competitors were given 5 samples of corn each, made up 

 of 10 ears, 3 samples to be judged as pure-bred types and 2 as corn best suited for 

 farmers' needs regardless of types. The competitors were required to select the 

 first, second, and third best ears and give reasons for the selections made. 



The annual meeting of the International Live Stock Association was held in the 

 Assembly Hall of the Pedigree Record Building on Monday, November 28, and was 

 largely attended. An address was delivered by Dr. A. B. Storms, president of the 

 Iowa Agricultural College, on the Economics of Modern Industry, special stress 

 being laid on the live-stock exhibit as a factor in education. 



The enthusiasm manifested at the meeting and the sums of money pledged indi- 

 cate that the much-needed colosseum will be built, so that the international live-stock 

 shows may be held in the future under much better surroundings than at present. 



Prof. J. L. Budd.— Prof. Joseph L. Budd, of Iowa, who died at Phoenix, Ariz., 

 November 20, was a pioneer in horticultural instruction. He was one of the very 

 first to occupy a chair in that subject after it was given a separate place in the agri- 

 cultural curriculum, and for 23 years he remained at the head of the horticultural 

 department of the Iowa Agricultural College, retiring in 1898 as professor emeritus. 



Previously a successful nurseryman, whose writings had given him wide reputa- 

 tion, he brought to his college position a clear insight into the possibilities of western 

 horticulture, which enabled him to become a leader in establishing fruit growing in a 

 country where the early indications foreshadowed failure. The varieties and meth- 

 ods which had succeeded in the East were found valueless in that country subject to 

 periods of drought in summer and extreme cold in winter. The whole system of 

 fruit growing had to be revolutionized. 



Professor Budd was among the first to advocate the value of Russian fruits for the 

 West, and was instrumental in securing the importation of many scions of these fruits 

 between 1875 and 1880. In 1882 he made an extended visit to Russia and Northern 

 Europe, securing for importation numerous varieties of apples, pears, plums, forest 

 trees, ornamental shrubs, etc., which eventually were widely introduced throughout 

 the State and in the Northwest, These importations have infused an element of 

 hardiness into the fruits of that section, and considerably extended the limits of suc- 

 cessful fruit culture, besides adding greatly to the arboriculture of the region. 



Professor Budd was for 18 years secretary of the Iowa State Horticultural Society, 

 whose reports contained many of his writings; and was joint author with his 

 former pupil, Prof. N. E. Hansen, of the American Horticultural Manual, a com- 

 prehensive two-volume work published in 1902-3. He had been in failing health 

 for several years past, and had spent his winters South. His death was due to a 

 general breakdown, from which at his age (nearly 70) he was unable to rally. 



