ENTOMOLOGY. 577 



and life history. In combating the insect it is recommended that all the chrysalids 

 be destroyed in the ground in winter, and the desirability of hand picking the cater- 

 pillars and maintaining poultry in cabbage patches is suggested. Infested cabbages 

 may also be dusted with gas Lime. 



Circular in relation to some injurious insects and plant diseases, W. B. 

 Alwood {Virginia Sta. Spec. Bid., Aug., 1904, pp- 25, figs. 24). — Brief descriptive, 

 biological, and economic notes on San Jose scale, woolly aphis, crown gall, peach 

 vellows, black knot, and pear blight. The anatomy of the San Jose scale is described 

 and notes are given on the plants which it is known to infest. 



The raspberry-cane maggot, W. H. Lawrence ( Washington Sta. Bui. 62, pp. IS, 

 figs. 5). — During the past 3 years this pest has appeared in raspberry fields especially 

 in the western part of the State. It is referred to under the species Phorbia rubivora. 

 The maggots either kill the canes outright or damage them by girdling near the tips. 



Notes are given on the habits and life history of the pest. A hymenopterous para- 

 site not definitely determined was reared from the cane maggots. On account of the 

 habits of this pest it is impossible to combat it by spraying. The only successful 

 method of controlling the insect is to collect and destroy the infested canes at the 

 time when the maggots are transforming to pup;n. This occurs in Washington in 

 May or the early part of June. 



The raspberry-root borer, or the blackberry-crown borer, W. H. Lawrence 

 Washington Sta. Bui. 63, pp. 15, figs. 4)- — Biological, economic, and descriptive notes 

 are presented on Bembecia marginata. During the past 4 years this insect has caused 

 considerable damage in Washington. Infested plants, however, have not as a rule 

 died outright, but have merely showed a poor growth. The nature and extent of 

 the injury caused by this pest are briefly described. 



The insect has no natural enemies of its own kind. Robins, however, were 

 observed feeding upon the moths. In combating the pest it is recommended that 

 infested plants be dug up and burned, or that the larv;e be destroyed by cutting and 

 burning old canes. Chickens are believed to be beneficial in catching the moths. 

 It is suggested that the larvae may be destroyed by insecticides such as arsenicals or 

 bisulphid of carbon. 



Some common insects injurious to the apple, R. I. Smith (Georgia Slate Bd. 

 Ent. Bui. 13, pi>. 19, figs. 7). — Notes are given on the habits, life history, and means 

 of combating 4 of the most injurious apple pests in Georgia. 



The woolly aphis may be most successfully controlled by applying tobacco dust 

 about the roots of the trees. For this purpose the soil may be removed to a depth 

 of 3 or 4 in. for 2 or 3 ft. around the trunk of young trees and after the tobacco dust 

 is applied the soil may be put back in its original position. Both round-headed and 

 flat-headed apple-tree borers may be combated by digging out in the larval condition 

 by means of a sharp knife or wire. Some good may also be done by applying white- 

 wash or a thick alkali soap to the trunks of trees, or the tree may be wrapped with 

 thick brown paper to a height of about 18 in. from the ground. 



Codling moth may be effectively controlled by spraying with arsenicals and the 

 use of bands. The insecticide should be applied just after the petals have fallen and 

 the formula recommended by the author is 6 oz. of Paris green or 2i lbs. of arsenate 

 of lead for each 50 gal. of Bordeaux mixture prepared by the 4-6-50 formula. 



Insects and diseases affecting the apple, R. W. Scott, Jr. (Agr. Education, 7 

 (1904), No. 1, pp. 24, 25). — Brief notes on woolly aphis, apple-tree borers, tent cater- 

 pillars, and other insect pests and fungus diseases. Spraying with Bordeaux mixture 

 and Paris green or arsenate of lead is recommended. 



Three common insect pests of western Washington, W. H. Lawrence ( Wash- 

 ington Sta. Bui. 65, pp. 14). — The habits, life history, and general appearance of oyster- 

 shell bark-louse are briefly described. In com bating this pest the author made spraying 

 experiments in both summer and winter. In summer whale-oil soap, whale oil and 



