ENTOMOLOGY. 579 



Tin' purpose of the experiments was to determine whether the San Jos£ scale 

 could be as effectively combated by fall applications of insecticides as by spring treat- 

 ment. The washes used in these experiments included lime-sulphur-salt wash pre- 

 pared with and without external heat; lime-sulphur wash, and lime-sulphur caustic- 

 soda wash also prepared with and without external heat. The formula for boiled 

 lime-sulphur-salt wash was 15 lbs. each of lime, sulphur, and salt per 50 gal. of water; 

 for self-boiled lime-sulphur-salt wash, 40 lbs. lime, 20 lbs. sulphur, and 15 lbs. salt 

 per 60 gal. of water; for lime-sulphur wash, 15 lbs. each of lime and sulphur per 50 

 gal. of water; and for the lime-sulphur caustic-soda wash with ami without heat, 30 

 lbs. lime, 15 lbs. sulphur, and 6 lbs. caustic soda per 50 gal. of water. 



In the first orchard some loss of bloom and foliage occurred as a result of spraying. 

 The lime-sulphur wash was least destructive. The trees later improved in condition, 

 however, and ultimately equalled the check trees in appearance. In the second 

 orchard plum blossoms were destroyed to the extent of 10 to 50 per cent and slight 

 injuries were caused to foliage. The Morello cherries also lost about 5 per cent of 

 their blossoms and similar damage was caused to apples and pears. In the third 

 orchard the sprayed trees were, with few exceptions, unaffected by the treatment. 



The work thus far carried out indicates that sulphur washes when applied in the 

 fall may cause some injuries which are noted when these insecticides are used exces- 

 sively in the spring. Hardy varieties of trees, however, may well be sprayed in the 

 fall, especially since the increased vigor and usefulness of treated trees more than com- 

 pensate for possible losses in fruit yields. All the insecticides used by the authors 

 were equally effective in destroying the San Jose scale. The addition of caustic soda 

 or salt to the lime-sulphur wash did not add to its insecticidal power. The lime- 

 sulphur wash boiled by means of fire or steam and the lime-sulphur caustic-soda 

 wash prepared without the use of external heat are especially recommended for 

 orchardists. 



Fall use of sulphur sprays, F. H. Hall, P. J. Parrott, and F. A. Sirrine (New 

 York State Sta. Bui. -254, ])i>jnilnr ed., />/>. 8, fig. 1). — A condensed form of Bulletin No. 

 254 of this station (see above). 



Kerosene-limoid mixtures. New and most promising- remedies for San 

 Jose scale, aphides, and other sucking insects, C. P. Close ( Delaware Sta. Press 

 Bid. 14, pp. 4). — Experiments are reported concerning the use of various mixtures 

 of limoid with kerosene, Bordeaux mixture, copper sulphate, Paris green, rosin 

 soap, etc. 



Limoid is described as a hydrated magnesian lime. The lime is finely ground 

 and treated in a special manner. The most useful property of limoid seems to be its 

 absorption of kerosene. It is thus possible to prepare effective insecticide mixtures 

 without boiling or the use of heat in other ways. Mixtures of limoid and kerosene 

 are prepared so as to contain various proportions of kerosene, between 10 and 25 per 

 cent. Four lbs. of limoid are required to absorb 1 gal. of kerosene. The mixture 

 may be made to adhere more perfectly by the addition of rosin soap. Its insecticide 

 value also appears to be enhanced somewdiat by this addition. 



In the experiments reported by the author it was found possible to make a more 

 complex mixture containing limoid, kerosene, and Bordeaux mixture, to which 

 Paris green may also be added. This complex mixture is thus effective against the 

 common sucking insects, biting insects, and fungus diseases. As compared with the 

 ordinary lime-sulphur-salt wash, a mixture of kerosene and limoid gave almost 

 equally satisfactory results. Apparently, San Jose scale may he entirely destroyed 

 by a mixture of limoid and kerosene. 



The use of kerosene as an insecticide, S. Mottet (Rev. Agr. R&wnion, 10 (1904), 

 No. 4, pp. 64, 65). — A general description is given of the different methods of pie- 

 paring kerosene for use as an insecticide so that this remedy may he applied with 



