606 EXPERIMENT STATION RECORD. 



pamphlet is occupied with the reports of inspectors in various parts of the Dominion 

 regarding the more important animal diseases in their localities. 



The protection of animals against flies ( Rev. Agr. Reunion, '■> ( 1908), No. ■''./'/'. 

 329-331). — Various forms of bland oils have heen used in protecting domesticated 

 animals against the attacks of different species of flies in hot weather. Among the 

 various remedies which may he used for this purpose, a mixture of water and kero- 

 sene in equal parts, and a mixture of water, crude carbolic acid, and cresyl are 

 recommended. 



The fertility and sterility of echinococci in cattle, hogs, sheep, and horses, 

 (i. Lkutexheld (Centbl. Bakt. u. Par., 1. Abt., <>ri(/., 36 (1904), Nos. 4, pp. 546-550; 

 5, i>i>. 651-662; 37 (1904), No. 1, pp. 64-73, pis. ..').— From the literature relating to 

 this subject and from "personal observations, the author has compiled extensive data 

 regarding the occurrence and relative fertility of echinococci in different domesticated 

 animals. 



With regard to the localization of echinococci it was found that in general the lungs 

 are much more often infested than the liver. In hogs, however, the liver is more 

 frequently infested. In older animals the percentage of infested livers is consider- 

 ably lower than in young animals. In sheep, both the lungs and liver are usually 

 infested simultaneously but the lungs more frequently. From a comparison of all 

 data accessible to the author it appears that the ratio between infested lungs and 

 livers is 69.3:27 in cattle, in male hogs 74.2:16.2, in female hogs 72:21.4, in sheep 

 52.2:44.9, and in horses 5.5:94.5. 



An elaborate study was made of the proportion of fertile and sterile echinococci in 

 species of domesticated animals. It appears from this investigation that the influ- 

 ence of the animal species is quite marked in determining the fertility of the echino- 

 cocci. The ratio of fertile to sterile echinococci was found to be 24:76 in cattle, 80:20 

 in hogs, 92.5:7.5 in sheep, and 38.9:61.1 in horses. In cattle it was found that a 

 larger proportion of the echinococci in the lungs were fertile than of those in the 

 liver, while the reverse was found to be true for hogs and no differences were observed 

 in this respect in sheep. 



During a histological study of the echinococci it was found that the connective tis- 

 sue sheath around the echinococci was largely the result of an inflammatory reaction 

 of the surrounding tissue. In sterile echinococci, the inner layer of this membrane 

 retains its cellular character. In fertile echinococci, the inner layers become meta- 

 morphosed into fibrous tissue and pronounced changes with new cell formation take 

 place in the outer layers of the membrane. 



Notes on certain epizootic diseases of Indo-China, Yersin (Ann. Inst. Pas- 

 teur, 18(1904), No. 7, pp. 417-449). — Periodically certain epizootic diseases prevail 

 to an enormous extent in Indo-China and cause great losses among domesticated 

 animals. In this article special attention is devoted to a study of rinderpest, buffalo 

 plague, anthrax, surra, foot-and-mouth disease, and tetanus. 



As a result of the author's extensive observations in Indo-China it is concluded 

 that rinderpest exists in that country as an epizootic disease and is the chief cause of 

 death among cattle. The disease has been confused with buffalo plague under the 

 name hemorrhagic septicemia. Neither buffalo plague nor anthrax appears to have 

 the importance or extent of distribution which is characteristic of rinderpest in Indo- 

 China. Notes are given on the sanitary conditions which prevail in this country as 

 related to the extent and distribution of infectious diseases. 



A fungus disease in corn, A. T. Peters (Nebraska Sta. /!/>!. 1903, pp. 13-22, 

 figs. 2). — In the year 1899 a disease broke out among domestic animals in Boyd 

 County, Nebraska, and was later investigated by the author and A. A. Hunter. The 

 symptoms of this disease resembled those of ergotism in many respects. Affected 

 horses lost their hoofs by sloughing and similar effects were produced in cattle. 



