HORTICULTURE. 671 



Guide to hardy fruits and ornamentals, T. J. Dwyer (Cornwall, N. Y.: T. ./. 

 Dwyer <.(• Son, 1903, pp. 125, figs. 60). — Popular directions are given for the culture of 

 the usual fruits, ornamentals, and vegetables grown in the Northern States, with 

 descriptive notes in many instances on different varieties. 



Training- and pruning fruit trees and vines, 0. A. Keffer (Tennessee Sta. Bui., 

 Vol. XVII, No. 3, pp. 51-68, fi<js. 25). — Popular directions, based largely on experi- 

 ments at the station, are given for the pruning and training of peaches, apples, pears, 

 plums, cherries, quinces, and grapes. The numerous illustrations included serve to 

 supplement the text and indicate the correct methods of pruning at different stages 

 of growth. 



Budding and grafting, W. J. Allen (Agr. Gaz. New South Wales, 15 (1904), No. 

 1 .', [>}>. 1111-1182, figs. 2,9).— An illustrated account is given of this subject, including 

 the results of a trial of the new method of budding originated by Mr. J. Bell (E. S. 

 R., 16, page 157). On thin-barked trees the use of an awl-like tool for raising the 

 bark for the purpose of inserting a scion carrying two or three buds proved unsatis- 

 factory, as the bark split too readily. It is believed, however, that this method of 

 grafting may be well adapted to trees with thick bark, such as the peach. 



Graft hybrids, W. H. Clarke (Gard. Chron., 3. ser., 36 (1904), No. 939, pp. 450, 

 451). — A general discussion is given of the reciprocal influence of stock upon scion, 

 with results of some observations. 



A Minchull Crab tree was top-grafted with Tom Putt and Blenheim Pippin apples. 

 The scions grew vigorously, and the fruit produced was much larger and deeper col- 

 ored than the fruit of either Tom Putt or Blenheim Pippin grown on neighboring 

 trees, while the quantity was very poor and scarcely worth gathering. Another 

 instance is cited in which Morgan Sweet was used as a stock on which to top-graft 

 Blenheim Pippin, as a result of which the fruit of Blenheim Pippin ripened from one 

 month to six weeks earlier than the normal season of Blenheim Pippin. 



Practical results with resistant vines in France, F. T. Swett ( California 

 Fruit Grower, 30 (1904), No. 866, p. 1). — This article consists of a reprint of a letter 

 from F. T. Bioletti (now of the California station), written from Montpellier, France, 

 and dealing with the results which have been obtained in that country by the use 

 of resistant vines. 



At the present time Rupestris du Lot is reported as being more extensively planted 

 than any other stock and generally gives satisfaction, except in very calcareous or 

 shallow soils. Many growers, however, are beginning to realize that even better 

 results can be obtained in most cases by the use of RipariaX Rupestris and Vinifera- 

 Rupestris hybrids. There is a tendency among the more progressive growers to use 

 them to the exclusion of any varieties of pure Riparia or Rupestris. 



Other hybrids which growers are beginning to use extensively are the Berlandieri 

 crosses with Riparia and Vinifera. "It is found almost invariably that any hybrid 

 with the necessary resistance to phylloxera and with the facility for rooting and 

 grafting has a much greater range of adaptability to various soil and climatic condi- 

 tions than the pure species." An instance is cited of a commercial vineyard in 

 which some of the stocks mentioned above are used, and likewise a number of 

 ungrafted stocks of Lenoir. The Lenoir portion of this vineyard is now 15 years old 

 and produces only about one-third as much wine as the other varieties. This point 

 is believed to be especially interesting to Californians who are planting largely of the 

 Lenoir variety. 



Varieties which it is believed are most certain to succeed under different conditions 

 are stated by Professor Bioletti to be as follows: "For moist, rich, mellow, deep soils — 

 Mourvedre X Rupestris 1202, Riparia X Rupestris 3306, Aramon X Rupestris No. 2. 

 (This is better than No. 1 in all but calcareous soils. ) For wet soils — Riparia X Solonis 

 Nos. 1615, 1616, Solonis X (Cordifolia X Rupestris) 202 4 . For dry soils— Riparia X Ber- 

 landieri 157 u , 420, 33, Chasselas X Berlandieri 41b. For particuleirly stiff clay soils — 

 the Cordifolia hybrids Nos. 10b s and 125V 



