678 EXPERIMENT STATION RECORD. 



called attention to the occurrence of collar rot or gum disease of citrus trees, and 

 enumerated some of the reputed causes of this disease. 



Further investigations were contemplated and have been carried out to some 

 extent, from which the author concludes that the disease is favored by soil condi- 

 tions, too deep planting, and improper grafting, particularly when the grafts are 

 made on rough lemon stock. These causes may be eliminated to a considerable 

 extent by proper drainage, shallow planting, and high budding on suitable stock. 



The fumagine of the olive, E. Zachakewicz {Prog. Agr. et Vit. (Ed. L'Est), 25 

 ( 1904), No. 50, pp. 6SG-689). — The disease of the olive known as fumagine and its 

 association with Oycloconium oleaginum are described. As usually understood the 

 disease is an accompaniment of the scale insect Lecanium olea . 



For treatment the author suggests the use of an emulsion composed of soap 1 kg., 

 petroleum 4 liters, copper sulphate 1 kg., and water to make 100 liters. Directions 

 for the use of this mixture are given; and based upon its successful employment an 

 official decree has been issued requiring its xise in infested regions. A great many 

 orcharc lists have successfully used it, and the author believes that its more extended 

 use would tend to greatly reduce the amount of disease. 



Treatment of vines for the prevention of fumagine, L. Degrully {Prog. Agr. 

 et Vit. (Ed. L 1 Est), 25 (1904), No. 51, pp. 705, 706). — Grapevines in Algeria and some 

 other regions have been noted as affected with fumagine, similar to the disease occur- 

 ring on olives, and as in the case of that disease, it follows the attacks of various 

 insects. 



For the prevention of the disease the author recommends winter treatment in 

 which the vines are thoroughly sprayed or washed with various mixtures, such as a 

 lime and oil mixture, a mixture of soap, oil and naphthalene, and ordinary petroleum 

 emulsion. 



The white rot of grapes, G. Fleury (Rev. Vit, 22 (1904), No. 572, pp. Gil, 612, 

 pi. 1).—A description is given of the white rot of grapes caused by the fungus Conio- 

 thyrium diplodiella. This disease is said to have been of American origin and has 

 been introduced into Europe since its discovery in 1887. The disease is difficult to 

 combat, and on this account the author recommends the thorough use of fungicides. 



The destruction of grapes affected with black rot, J. Capus (Rev. Vit., ' ' 

 (1904), No. 565, pp. 413, 414)- — On account of the possibility of black rot being 

 carried by diseased mummied grapes or through the presence of the organism on the 

 dried pomace or upon the seeds, the author recommends burning or treating with a 

 strong solution of iron sulphate or other fungicide. 



Notes on Phoma reniformis, L. Trabut (Bui. Agr. Algtrie et Tunisie, 10 (1904), 

 No. 21, pp. 453, 454, figs. 2). — A note is given on the occurrence of Phoma reniformis 

 on certain varieties of grapes in Algiers, the fungus causing a rotting of the grapes 

 which is quite similar to that produced by the black rot fungus (P. uvicola). The 

 two species of fungi resemble each other quite closely, except in the size of the spores 

 and a few other particulars, which are enumerated. 



The culture and development of the fungus causing grape anthracnose, 

 P. Viala and P. Pacottet (Compt. Rend. Acad. Sri. [Paris], 139 (1904), No. 1, pp. 

 88-90). — By the methods described for the cultivation of the black-rot fungus (E. 8. 

 R., 16, p. 272) the authors have isolated the grape anthracnose fungus (Sphaceloma 

 ampelinum). This fungus was formerly known only from its conidial stage, but the 

 authors were able to recognize the perfect form, to which the name Manginia ampelina 

 has been given. The various phenomena of its growth in culture media are described. 



The minimum quantity of copper sulphate needed for the control of the 

 downy mildew, N. Passerini (Bui. Agr. Algtrie et Tunisie, 10 (1904), No. 18, pp. 

 389-391). — According to the author a 0.5 per cent solution of copper sulphate used 

 as Bordeaux mixture is sufficient for protecting vines against Peronospora in ordinary 

 years. In regions quite subject to the disease and under conditions favorable to the 



