718 EXPERIMENT STATION RECORD. 



Phenolin, E. Bass (Rev. Vet. [Toulouse], 29 (1904), No. 10, pp. 664-667) .—This 

 product has been used extensively by the author for various purposes. Phenolin is 

 found to be a good disinfectant, capable of producing excellent results in a treatment 

 of wounds and diseases of the reproductive organs. It is also useful in the treatment 

 of skin diseases whether due to animal or vegetable parasites. Phenolin used exter- 

 nally produces no toxic effects and in the author's opinion is preferable to creolin, 

 lysol, etc. 



Infectious and contagious diseases of farm animals and their effect on 

 American agriculture, D. E. Salmon ( U. S. Dept. Agr., Bureau of Animal Industry 

 Rpt. 1903, pp. 163-176).— The author outlines the effective work of the Bureau Mi- 

 Animal Industry in eradicating pleuro-pneumonia and foot-and-mouth disease in this 

 country. Attention is called to the possibility of the introduction of rinderpesl in 

 the United States. Notes are also given on the economic importance of Texas fever, 

 tuberculosis, sheep seal), hog cholera, and blackleg, with an account of the work of 

 the Bureau in combating these diseases. 



Contagious diseases of animals in foreign countries, G. F. Thompson ( U. S. 

 Dept. Agr., Bureau of Animal Industry Rpt. 1903, pp. 443-451). — Statistical data are 

 presented on the prevalence of hog cholera, sheep scab, glanders, anthrax, and other 

 contagious diseases in Great Britain, Denmark, Belgium, France, Switzerland, Neth- 

 erlands, Germany, Italy, Hungary, India, and Egypt. 



TECHNOLOGY. 



California oliv oil: Its manufacture, G. W. Shaw (California Slu. Bui. 158, 

 pp. 33, figs. 22). — This is a discussion of the olive-oil industry of California, in which 

 such subjects as the construction of buildings, equipment and arrangement of 

 machinery, harvesting fruit, crushing and extracting the oil, clarification, filtering, 

 and the use of centrifugal machines lor deniargarizing oil are discussed. Considera- 

 ble work along the same line has been reported in earlier bulletins of the station 

 (E. S. R., 11, p. 46; 12, p. r,4.°>). 



It is not believed that the production of olive oil on a small scale can be made 

 profitable. It promises most success when combined with the olive pickling indus- 

 try, using the best of the olives for pickling and the smaller and inferior grades for 

 oil. There is a profitable market for only the highest grade of olive oil, and this can 

 be obtained only by the strictest attention to cleanliness and care in every detail of 

 manufacture. Statistics are given which show that the imports of olive oil from for- 

 eign countries amount to more than §2,000,000 per year, while the California product 

 amounts to about $150,000 per year. 



There is opportunity, therefore, for the growth of the California industry in the 

 production of an oil which will compete in price with the foreign product. For this 

 purpose it is essential that only the most efficient machinery be employed and that 

 the mills be of such capacity as to handle large quantities of olives in the most eco- 

 nomical manner. "This can only be done by central mills located in regions best 

 adapted in climate and soil to the growth of the olive." To make the industry suc- 

 cessful the grower must realize not less than $20 per ton for the olives over and above 

 the cost of picking, which amounts to $8 to $10 per ton. 



Fruit for olive oil should be picked by hand. The best quality of oil is obtained 

 if the fruit is picked "while it is still hard, but sufficiently ripe to allow the pit to be 

 squeezed out without carrying away any of the flesh with it." In the ordinary 

 practice in California only one-third to one-half of the oil contained in the olive is 

 removed by pressing, or from 25 to 40 gal. of oil per ton of olives. At the present 

 time there is but little attempt to utilize the residual oil remaining in the pulp, 

 though the pulp is often used for hog or chicken feed or fuel. 



