WATER SOILS. 755 



spending percentages at Wooster, while falling below those at Columbus. The 

 phosphorus pentoxid (phosphoric acid) amounts to a little more than at Wooster, 

 0.13 per cent, almost the same as found at Columbus. 



"The water and organic matter give high percentages, as already indicated, prob- 

 ably due to the prolonged sod condition of the soil previous to the beginning of 

 experiments. The total nitrogen in this cast- amounts to 0.19 per cent and is quite 

 high for the same apparent reason. If we look to the subsoil as compared with the 

 soil, no conspicuous differences in chemical composition are especially noticeable. . . . 

 We propose the name of Cuyahoga silt for this soil type. . . . 



"As might be expected in the drift sands of the lake shore [the Neapolis] soils 

 contain of mechanical elements about 88 per cent sand. . . . 



"The other mechanical elements are not conspicuous, amounting to but 5.17 per 

 cent total silt, although the clay percentage, 1.92, is rather unexpected. The coarse 

 gravel is nothing. The average loss on ignition is not large, amounting to 3.21 per 

 cent in soil against 1.70 percent in the subsoil, while this ignition loss is but 0.95 per 

 cent in the soil of the drift sand and 0.36 per cent in the subsoil of the same. 



"The chemical analyses show even higher percentages of insoluble matter and 

 soluble silica than found at Wooster, amounting to 91.17 per cent in the soil and 

 93.75 per cent in the same number of subsoil. The lime is on the average 0.21 per 

 cent and the magnesia 0.13 per cent in the soil, giving the ratio of lime to magnesia, 

 approximately, 2:1. The amount of phosphorus pentoxid (phosphoric acid) is un- 

 expectedly high, being 0.13 per cent in the soil. In respect to phosphoric acid con- 

 tent the soils at Neapolis show as high percentage as any of those of which chemical 

 examinations have been made, and higher than at Wooster. Potash is low, only 

 0.05 per cent. Here it is the phosphoric acid contained in the soil which stands out 

 conspicuously in a secondary sense; the same may be stated of the lime; it is approxi- 

 mately equal to that found at Wooster and Strongsville. . . . 



"The silt character of the Germantown soil is shown in the mechanical analyses 

 of the soil and subsoil in question, which has been included by Dorsey and Coffey 

 in the ' Miami clay loam,' yet which seems to be even more properly called here the 

 Germantown silt, yielding as it does in the soil 18.36 per cent of total sand, 67.93 

 per cent of total silt and, in our sample, about 9 per cent of clay. 



"The chemical analyses bring out the differences between this soil and that of 

 Strongsville, which in our test-farm work may be regarded as somewhat allied in 

 physical behavior. Potash, lime, magnesia, and phosphoric acid are all very low, 

 while the insoluble matter and soluble silica is quite high, 90.5 per cent. Possibly 

 the least expected is the very low lime content, only 0.11 per cent in the soil and 

 0.13 per cent in the subsoil, with a lime-magnesia ratio of 1:2.8 and of 1:2.9 in soil and 

 subsoil, respectively. The deep-lying limestone strata of this area have apparently 

 given little chemical character to this test- farm soil. 



"The soils at Carpenter are upland in character, being derived from certain coal 

 measure shales as before explained. The mechanical analyses show a pronounced 

 'silt clay' with 10.!»4 per cent total sand, 73.41 per cent total silt, and 9.71 per cent 

 clay in the soil; the subsoil gives much less sand, slightly less silt, and a high per- 

 centage of clay, 16.01 per cent. 



"In chemical composition the Carpenter soil is low in potash, 0.19 per cent, and 

 especially low in lime, 0.18 percent, witha lime-magnesia ratioof 1:1.75; in the sub- 

 soil this ratio becomes 1:2.6, having there less lime and more magnesia. 



"It is proposed to call this soil type the Meigs silt clay, since it will include quite a 

 range of soils derived like this from the yellow shale immediately overlying the 

 Ames limestone." 



Studies of muck and peat soils, A. R. Whitsox and C. W. Stoddart ( Wisconsin 

 Sla. Rpt. 1904, pp. 200-219, figs. 8). — The general character of muck and peat soils 

 22868— No. 8—05 3 



