FORESTRY. 781 



Expedition to the Gold Coast to study native methods of cacao and kola 

 culture, Gruner ( Tropenpflanzer, 8 {1904), Nos. 8, pp. 418-481; 9, pp. /.''.' 508; 10, 

 pp. 540-559, figs. ■', 1. An account of methods observed in the culture ami marketing 

 of cacao, kola, ami rubber plants by natives of the < told ( oast. 



Walnuts as grown and handled in France, A. (I. Freeman ( Pacific Fruit World, 

 18(1904), No. 7, i>. 8).— An account of the culture of walnuts in the vicinit) of 

 Grenoble, France, with a comparison of the methods observed in California in the 

 cultivation of this nut. The favorite variety grown in Grenoble is the Mayette. 

 The nuts of this variety are well tilled even under adverse circumstances, and the 

 meat is always white. 



Two other varieties of commercial importance are the Franquette ami the Parisian. 

 The average crop for this section is about 2,000 tons each season, of which one-half 

 is of the Mayette variety. 



A model walnut orchard (California Cult., ..'■', (1904), No. 17, /'/>. 411. 426).— 

 The walnut orchard of J. B. Neff, in Orange County, California, is described ami an 

 account given of the method of handling the nuts on that farm. The nuts are gath- 

 ered, hull and all, and run through a hulling machine, which is a much more rapid 

 process than by the old method of hand hulling. After hulling, all stained nuts are 

 dumped into a circular cage with streams of water forced into it, and washed. The 

 formula used in bleaching the nuts is made of 1"6 lbs. of sal soda, 20 lbs. of chlorid of 

 lime, 1 to 4 lbs. of sulphuric acid, and made up to 50 gal. with water. 



In making the solution the sal soda is dissolved in hot water and poured into a 

 hard-wood barrel having a wooden faucet about •"> in. above the bottom. The 

 chlorid of lime is reduced to a paste in a tight box by use of a hoe and a small quan- 

 tity of water. It is then added to the dissolved sal soda in the barrel and the barrel 

 filled to 45 gal. with clear water. The whole is then thoroughly mixed and allowed 

 to stand 48 hours before using, so that all sediment may be on the bottom and the 

 liquid clear. When ready for use, 5 gal. of the water is poured into an earthen jar 

 and the sulphuric acid slowly added, a few spoonfuls at a time. 



The nuts are bleached in a spiral carrier revolving in a tank of this solution. It 

 requires about \\ minutes to traverse the length of the carrier, after which the nuts 

 are ready for drying and packing. 



A concise handbook of garden flowers, H. M. Batson (London: Melhuen A- Co., 

 1903, pp. VIII-\-256). — Very brief descriptive and cultural directions are given for 

 some 1,200 or 1,300 different species of plants arranged in alphabetical order. 



Lilies for English gardens, Gertrude Jekyll (New York: Charles Scribner's 

 Son*, 1901, i>i>. 7.'. pis. 61, figs. 5). — This is an amateur's handbook, and is intended 

 as a guide to those who wish to grow lilies in English gardens. It describes various 

 species of lilies which may be successfully grown in English gardens, and gives 

 directions for the culture of these flowers. Some notes are also given on the lily 

 disease. 



FORESTRY. 



Effect of forests on water supply, T. V. Likens (Forestry and Trrig., 10 (1904), 

 Xti. 10, pp. 465-469, figs. S). — The effect of forests in the conservation of water sup- 

 plies, as shown from observations in southern California, is described. 



One of the most striking demonstrations of the loss of water through forest fires is 

 reported in the San Gabriel Forest Reserve. Here in a drainage basin of 222 square 

 miles the minimum flow was reduced to 90 miner's inches, while for the same period 

 the San Antonio River drainage basin, with an ana of only 28. 7 square miles, fur- 

 nished a minimum of 190 miner's inches of water. In the case of the San Gabriel 

 River nearly all the drainage basin had been burned over, destroying even the smaller 

 growth. In the other region more than one-half was well forested, containing a 

 good growth of timber and chaparral, ami to this is attributed the greater water Mow. 



