ENTOMOLOGY. 791 



The disease, which resembles the Kilter rol in attacking both the tree and the 

 fruit, differs from it, however, in that the canker stage is by far the most injurious. 

 A general description is given of the disease and particular attention given its occur- 

 rence on the fruit, producing what is called the Mack spot apple rot. Numerous 

 inoculation experiments have shown that the fungus producing the canker also pro- 

 duces this rot of the fruit. In some instances the canker seems to he closely asso- 

 ciated with the injury done by the bronze apple-tree weevil | Magdalis senescens) and 

 the woolly aphis {Schizoneura lanigera). 



Various means for combating the disease were investigated, and it was found that 

 on small young trees the disease could he kept in check by cutting out the cankers, 

 which appear most abundantly from November to February. .Mixtures of oils and 

 fungicides have been tested, hut further trial will he necessary before they can he 

 recommended. For protecting trees against the disease spraying with a rather strong 



ENTOMOLOGY. 



Insect pests ( Jour. Bd. Agr. [London], 11 (1904), No. 8, pp. 498-501, fig. 1).— The 

 asparagus fly ( Platyparea pcecUoptera I is described in its various stages, and notes are 

 given on its injurious attacks. Where the infested area is small the flies may be 

 caught by the use of sticky substances in the spring. They may also be collected 

 early in the morning when resting on the asparagus shoots. Powdered charcoal 

 may also be dusted on the tops of the shoots while the dew is on. In the summer 

 and fall all infested stems should lie dug up and burned. 



Notes are also given on the tulip) mite and black currant gall mite. In treating the 

 tulip mite considerable success was had from fumigation with sulphur and by spray- 

 ing with kerosene. Fumigation with carbon bisulphid is also recommended It is 

 stated that the blue tit ( Paras ca ruleus) is injurious to apples and p>ears, in which it 

 pecks holes near the base of the fruit. In the protection of the fruit against this bird 

 the use of small shields of cardboard is recommended. 



Injurious insects (Jour. Bd. Agr. [London], 11 (1904), No. 9, pp. ~>57-562, figs. 2). — 

 Lecanium persicse attacks plum trees and currants. This scale insect may he controlled 

 by the use of a caustic alkali wash. The common cockchafer (Melolontha vulgaris) is 

 a very destructive insect in forests. The beetle is described in its various stages and 

 notes are given on its life history. In controlling this pest the grubs may be col- 

 lected while cultivating the soil of tree plantations. The beetles may be captured 

 when they first appear in the spring, and the insect may be controlled to some extent 

 by the use of trap plants. Little success has been had from experiments in the use 

 of insecticides under ground in destroying this insect. 



Injurious insects and other animals observed in Ireland during the year 

 1903, G. H. Carpenter (Econ. Proc. Roy. Dublin Soc, 1 (1904), V, No. 12, pp. 249- 

 266, pis. 2, figs. 7). — Biological, descriptive, and economic notes are given on a num- 

 ber of insects injurious to cereals, grasses, beans, peas, potatoes, onions, and other 

 garden vegetables as well as to fruits. Particular attention is given to grain flics, 

 spring tails, carrot flies, Tthizoglyphus echinopus, black currant-mites, etc. 



Injurious and beneficial slugs and snails, F. V. Theobald (Jour. Bd. Agr. 

 [London], 11 {1905) , No. 10, pp. 594-002, figs. .?). — During the past 4 years there has 

 been an apparent increase in the number of slugs throughout Great Britain, and 

 wheat, cabbage, potatoes, peas, beans, and other crops have been badly injured. 

 Descriptive notes are given on a number of the most destructive species of slugs in 

 Great Britain. These include Li mux agrestis, L. maximus, L. flaws, Milax sowerbii, 

 Avion ater, A. hortensis, and TesCacella kaliotidea. 



Entomological department, R. A. Cooley ( Montana Sta. Rpt. 1903, pp. 38-52). — 

 An account is given of some of the more important injurious plant lice in Montana. 



