ENTOMOLOGY. 795 



ment of the adult flies from the pupae. Pasturing of orchards is recommended as the 

 best remedy on a commercial scale, while thorough tillage is suggested as the next 

 best method. 



The pear-tree psylla and how to deal with it, G. E. Fisher (Canad. Ent., 

 37 {1905), Xo. 1, pp. 1, 2, figs. 2). — This insect passes the winter in an adult stage 

 and is most successfully combated by the thorough application of lime and sulphur 

 wash in March. At this season there are no eggs and the hybernated adults are 

 sluggish. If a summer treatment is necessary, crude petroleum and water in the 

 proportion of 1:16 is perhaps the most satisfactory remedy. 



The San Jose scale (Ontario Agr. Col. Rev., 17 {1904), Xo. .:, /<//. 157-159, fig. 

 1). — The distribution and injurious effects of this insect are briefly noted. In com- 

 bating the pest some form of lime-sulphur wash is recommended. On account of 

 the inconvenience involved in boiling this material experiments were made with the 

 self-boiling form of the insecticide containing sal soda. The results were quite 

 satisfactory. 



Fumigation for scale insects, C. P. Lounsbury (Agr. Jour. Cape Good Hope, 

 25 (1904), Xo. 4, pp. 432-435, fig. 1). — Hydrocyanic-acid gas is considered to be the 

 most efficient and on a large scale the cheapest remedy for scale insects of citrus 

 trees. It had been hoped that the natural enemies of the red scale would keep this 

 pest in check in Cape Colony. There seems, however, to be no prospects of such an 

 outcome in the immediate future. Notes are given on the formula which should be 

 employed and the methods used in generating hydrocyanic-acid gas for fumigating 

 trees. 



The lime-sulphur-salt wash, F. Sherman, Jr. (North Carolina Dept. Agr., Fid. 

 Circ. 13, pp. IS, figs. 7). — During the past winter the regular fire-boiled lime-sulphur- 

 salt wash was used on about 75,000 trees in North Carolina with excellent results. 

 Not only was the San Jose scale controlled but other scale insects, plant lice, and 

 hibernating larvse of codling moth were destroyed. The wash also had the bene- 

 ficial effect of controlling fungus diseases. A number of formulas and methods are 

 suggested for preparing lime-sulphur washes. 



The author states that fruit growers may make a choice of the fire or steam-boiled 

 lime-sulphur-salt wash, the same preparation without salt, and the self-boiled lime- 

 sulphur-caustic-soda wash. The first preparation, however, is to be preferred and 

 should be applied as a sprav after being carefully strained. The best time to spray 

 is just before the buds begin to swell. 



A dangerous pest spreading (Hawaiian Forester and Agr., 1 (1.904), Xo. 12, pp. 

 328, 329). — The lantana mealy-bug (Orthezia insignis) is said to be increasing in 

 numbers and attacks tea, coffee, species of citrus, tomato, red pepper, and various 

 forest and ornamental trees in addition to lantana. The insect has, therefore, become 

 a pest of considerable importance and its injuries far exceed the benefits derived 

 from the destruction of lantana. 



Two plum weevils, E. D. Sanderson (Texas Sta. Circ. 6, pp. 4, figs. 4)- — Brief 

 notes on the appearance, habits, and means of combating the plum curculio and 

 plum gouger. 



The biology of Chrysomphalus dictyospermi minor and the distribution of 

 this scale insect along the Mediterranean Sea, P. Mabchal (Bid. So<-. Ent. 

 France, 1004, Xo. 10. pp. ..'40-249). — This pest is especially injurious to oranges and 

 other citrus fruits but also attacks the myrtle, English ivy, box, magnolias, and 

 various species i »f palms. Notes are given on the habits and life history of the insect. 

 It is somewhat difficult to combat on account of the great variety of its food plants, 

 the number of annual generations, and the irregularity in the time of emergence of 

 the larva?. For destroying the pest the author recommends spraying with various 

 soap and oil emulsions. 



