ANIMAL PRODUCTION. 807 



"To produce 1 lb. of gain in live weight in these young animals more totai solids 

 were required with tlu' milk rich in butter fat than with the milk poor in butter fat. 



. " Later in the trials with pigs fed rich milk ad libitum serious digestive disturbances 

 were noticed. 



"The failure of a pound of milk solids in rich milk to make equal or better gains 

 than a pound of solids in the poor milk was not due apparently to lack of nitrogen- 

 ous material, but rather to the excess of fat or to the character of the fat. 



" Larger fat globules were found in the richer milk, and this fact, in connection 

 with the digestive disturbances, would seem to indicate the reason for the larger 

 gains from a pound of solids with the poorer milk." 



Cattle raising on the plains, J. E. Payne {Colorado Sta. Bui. 87, pp. 7-17). — In 

 addition to a brief account of the history of cattle raising on the Great Plains of 

 Colorado, the author discusses range improvement, winter feeding, shelter, diseases, 

 the financial possibilities of stock raising, and related topics. As regards the value 

 of pastures v. open range he states that few T have tried the plan on the Colorado 

 plains, but that when tested in Texas it increased the value of the pasture quite 

 rapidly. In such a system the supply of water is the important matter and would 

 have to be secured by digging wells. 



The need of feeding in winter is discussed. "It has been the experience of cattle- 

 men that after they have begun feeding an animal the feeding must be continued 

 until the grass comes. It is also better to feed the weak animals full feed instead of 

 trying to make them rustle for a part of their living. If given a partial feed they die 

 and all that is given them is lost, while if well fed and sheltered they get through 

 the winter in good shape and are soon equal to the stronger cattle that rustled all 

 winter." The need of shelter for range cattle is insisted upon. 



In the author's opinion, the so-called loco poisoning is a consequence of insufficient 

 feed rather than the eating of any special poisonous plant. 



The value of soy beans as a part of a grain ration for lambs, W. B. Rich- 

 ards and F. Kleinheinz (Wisconsin Sin. Rj>t. 1904, /'/'• 51-55). — The growing inter- 

 est in soy beans led the authors to study their feeding value for lambs, the test 

 reported, which covered 12 weeks, being made with 2 lots of 10 lambs each. 



In addition to grain all the lambs were fed like rations of cut corn stover and 

 clover hay, the latter being after a little replaced by June grass hay. On soy 

 beans and corn meal 1:1 the average gain per lamb during the test was 16.3 lbs., the 

 grain eaten per pound of gain 6.11 lbs., and the coarse fodder eaten per pound of 

 gain 7.11 lbs. On oats and corn 1:1 the average gain per lamb was 13.7 lbs., and the 

 grain and coarse fodder eaten per pound of gain 7.28 lbs. and 8.62 lbs., respectively. 



"Soy beans in this trial have proved to be an excellent grain for balancing the 

 grain ration of growing lambs. More experiments will be necessary before definite 

 conclusions can be drawn. If the results continue to be as encouraging as those set 

 forth in this experiment, extended use of soy beans for feeding purposes will depend 

 upon how economical their production proves in this particular section." 



Analyses are reported of the feeding stuffs used except the corn stover. 



Exercise v. confinement for fattening sheep in winter, G. C. HiMPnREY and 

 F. Kleinheixz ( Wisconsin Sin. Rpt. 1904, pp. 56-59). — The value of exercise as a 

 factor in fattening lambs in winter was studied. In the first test 2 lots of 10 lambs 

 each were given exercise in a field or yard, while 2 similar lots were kept in pens, 

 all being fed like rations of mixed grain, clover hay, and sugar beets. 



In 13 weeks the lambs having the exercise made a total gain of 421 lbs., and those 

 without exercise 409 lbs., the average cost of a pound of gain in each case being 11 

 cts. With exercise 6.52 lbs. grain and 14.8 lbs. of coarse fodder were required per 

 pound of gain. Similar values for the lambs without exercise were 7.72 and 15.2 lbs. 

 In a second test which was made under much the same conditions except that man- 

 gel-wurzels were substituted for beets, a lot of 16 lambs, with exercise, made a total 



