DAIRY FARMING DAIRYING. 813 



somewhat larger proportion of nitrogenous f 1 materials than is found in pure corn 



silage." 



The university dairy herd, 1903-4, G. C. Humphrey and F. W. Woll ( Wiscon- 

 sin Sta. Rpt. 1904, /'/'■ 75-111, pis. .', figs. 15). — This presentation and discussion of 

 herd records is in continuation of Bulletin 102 of the station (E. S. R., 15, p. 502). 

 Rations having somewhat narrower nutritive ratios than formerly were fed. The 

 herd comprised 38 cows, representing Jersey, Guernsey, Holstein, Shorthorn, Red 

 Polled, and Brown Swiss breeds. Descriptions and illustrations are given of the 15 

 cows added to the herd during the year. Data for the food consumption and pro- 

 duction of 21 cows which have completed a year's record since the previous report 

 are tabulated and discussed from several standpoints. 



The largest yield of butter fat, 492.97 lbs., was made by a grade Red Polled cow. 

 The average production of the 21 cows for the year was 7,913 lbs. of milk and 332.33 

 lbs. of butter fat, equivalent to 387 lbs. of butter. The average fat content of the 

 milk was 4.2 per cent. As compared with previous years, the herd as a whole 

 showed an improvement of about 8 per cent in the production of milk and butter. 

 Only 9 cows, however, had previous records, and these showed an increased yield of 

 about 5 per cent. The improvement is attributed in part to the age of the cows and 

 in part to the system of feeding and management. 



The average production of 5 cows of each of 4 breeds was as follows: Jersey, 

 6,422.1 lbs. of milk and 328.5 lbs. of fat; Guernsey, 5.H14.7 lbs. of milk and 289.82 

 lbs. of fat; Holstein, 10,753.2 lbs. of milk and 368.6 lbs. of fat: and Shorthorn, 8,119 

 lbs. of milk and 310.3 lbs. of fat. 



A further comparison was made of the extreme dairy type, the large dairy type, 

 and the dual purpose type of cows described in previous publications of the station. 

 Seven cows of the extreme dairy type produced on an average 6,870.8 lbs. of milk 

 and 313.6 lbs. of fat, at a net profit of s4(i.4:; ; 8 cows of the large dairy type, 8,230.8 

 lbs. of milk and 342.3 lbs. of fat, at a profit of $45.11; and 6 cows of the dual purpose 

 type, 8,871.2 lbs. of milk and 340.7 lbs. of fat, at a profit of $54.19. 



From data concerning the age and weight of cows in relation to the fat content of 

 their milk it is concluded that, normally, cows above 5 years of age increase grad- 

 ually in weight to their ninth or tenth year, while the fat content of the milk 

 decreases about 0.1 per cent each year. 



Analyses are given of the feeding stuffs used. The average daily ration consumed 

 contained 22.65 lbs. of dry matter, 2.19 lbs. of digestible protein, 13.20 lbs. of digesti- 

 ble carbohydrates and fat and had a nutritive ratio of 1 :6. The average daily pro- 

 duction of the cows was 20.58 lbs. of milk and 0.908 lb. of fat. In 1902-3, 12 cows 

 were fed rations having a nutritive ratio averaging 1:7.5, while in 1903-4 the ratio 

 for the same cows averaged 1:6.2. An improvement of 0.26 per cent was observed 

 in the average fat content of the milk, which is believed to be due to the increased 

 amount of digestible protein fed. As this view is contrary to that generally held the 

 experiments are to be repeated. 



Official tests of dairy cows, 1903-4, F. W. Woll (Wisconsin Sta. Rpt. 1904, pp. 

 112-142, figs. IS). — During the year 256 pure-bred cows owned by 38 breeders wen- 

 tested by the station. The tests, aggregating 283, varied in length from 7 to 60 days and 

 are reported in detail, illustrations being given of many of the best cows. Tests made 

 previous to the present year and reported from time to time were summarized in 

 Bulletin 107 of the station (E. S. R., 15, p. 1000). The total number of tests made 

 by the station since 1886 is 1,314, of which 983 were of Holstein cows, 150 of Guern- 

 sey, 104 of Jersey, 34 of Red Polled, 11 of Shorthorn, 9 of Brown Swiss, and 23 of 

 grade cows. 



The effect of different stable temperatures upon the milk yield of dairy 

 cows, \Y. B. Richards and E. L. Jordan ( Wisconsin Sta. Rj>t. 1!>04, pp. ltf-148). — 

 In two trials made with 12 cows and two with 6 cows in different years a stable tem- 



