DAIRY FARMING DAIRYING. 819 



In regard to the control of the milk supply this country is considered in advance 

 of Great Britain, particularly in the following r< spects: "'The increasing use of bot- 

 tled fresh milk; the diminution in the practice of pasteurization, the Americans hav- 

 ing learned that pure milk is preferable to pasteurized milk: the enforcement of the 

 dairy laws; the beneficial results of thorough inspection; and the value of the care- 

 ful collection of facts respecting milk." The discussion of this subject was further 

 participated in by II. <le Rothschild and others. 



Nutritive value of cows' rnilk sterilized at 108° C. for artificial feeding, 

 G. V ariot ( Compt. Rend. Acad. Sci. {Paris], 139 {1904), No. 23, pp. 1002, 1003).— 

 During 12 years the author has superintended the artificial feeding of 3,000 infants, 

 using for this purpose milk sterilized in bottles at 108° ('. and has observed no case 

 of infantile scurvy resulting from such practice. The assimilability of the milk was 

 not believed to be influenced in any appreciable manner by the destruction of the 

 enzyms, the slight alteration of the lactose, the doubtful precipitation of the citrate 

 of lime, or the changes in the lecithin due to heating. 



Combating infant mortality by public means and private charities by 

 supplying pure milk for infants with special reference to the situation in 

 Hamburg, vox Ohlen (Ztschr. Hyg. u. Infedunizkruiik., 49 (1905), No. 2, pp. 199- 

 281). — The efforts being made to secure pure milk for infant feeding in different 

 places in Germany, I'nited States, England, France, Norway, and Sweden are 

 described at considerable length and some general conclusions are drawn as to the 

 best methods to be employed for this purpose. 



Statistical and ethnographical contributions to the question of the rela- 

 tion between infant feeding and pulmonary tuberculosis, B. Heymann (Ztschr. 

 Hyg. u. Infectionskrank.. 48 (1904), No. 1, pp. 45-64). — The author presents and dis- 

 cusses statistical data on phthisis in various countries, especially Japan, Turkey, and 

 ( Greenland, and concludes that cows' milk as a food for infants can play only a very 

 small part in the spread of tuberculosis. 



The relation of infant feeding to the origin of pulmonary tuberculosis, 

 A. Speck (Ztschr. Hyg. ». Infectionskrank., 4$ (1904), No. 1, ji/>. 27-44). — From 

 replies to circular letters and by other means, data were collected concerning the 

 feeding during the first 3 months of life of tuberculous cases in public hospitals and 

 private sanitaria in Germany, Austria, and other countries. 



Of 5,770 cases, it was ascertained that 3,455 had been hreast fed, 694 fed on cows' 

 milk, 7 on goats' milk, 276 on mixed milk, and 35 on milk substitutes, leaving 1,303 

 cases with incomplete data. Data for a limited number of cases in private practice 

 are included, as are also data collected by other investigators. On the whole, 73 

 per cent of the tuberculous cases had been breast fed and 27 per cent artificially fed. 

 It is estimated that of the whole population less than 50 per cent are breast fed, 

 which would indicate a relatively greater percentage of tuberculous cases among 

 breast fed than amOng artificially fed infants. 



It is, therefore, concluded that cows' milk is to be looked upon as at least an 

 exceedingly unimportant source of pulmonary tuberculosis in man. 



Changes in butter, M. Hexsevai. (Rev. Gen. Lait, 3 (1904), No. 23, ]>/>. 535- 

 539). — The causes of the changes in butter are briefly discussed and methods of 

 analysis suitable for the detection of these changes are briefly outlined. Fresh butter 

 and samples 2 and 3 months old were analyzed and also subjected to bacteriological 

 examinations, the results of which are reported in tabular form without comment. 



Investigations of Polenske's "new butter number," A. Hesse (MUehw. 

 Zentbl., 1 (190-J), No. 1, pp. 13-20). — The results of a considerable number of deter- 

 minations failed to show such a definite relation between the Reichert-Meissl num- 

 ber and the " new butter number " as found by Polenske | F. S. R., 15, p. 850). For 

 instance, Reichert-Meissl numbers of 26 and 26.2 showed corresponding " new butter 

 numbers" of 2 and 2.7. 



2286s— No. s— 05 7 



