824 EXPERIMENT STATION RECORD. 



As a result of the author's studies it is concluded that while primary intestinal 

 tuberculosis is extremely rare in children the disease may frequently be conveyed 

 in infected milk. The tubercle bacilli readily pass through the intestinal wall leav- 

 ing no visible lesions in the intestines. In the author's opinion this form of tuber- 

 culosis is not true human tuberculosis, but is bovine in origin and may extend to all 

 parts of the body. The tubercle bacillus of bovine origin is considered more viru- 

 lent for children than that of human origin. 



A case of human tuberculosis transmitted to a cow, E. Huon (Compt. Rend. 

 Soc. Biol. [Paris], 56 (1904), No. 23, p. 1109). — A description is given of a case in 

 which human tuberculosis was apparently transmitted to a cow. The cow had been 

 tested for tuberculin without reaction and was kept in isolated quarters without 

 coming in contact with any other animal. The cow was cared for, however, by a 

 man who subsequently died of tuberculosis and had the bad habit of spitting 

 everywhere indiscriminately. After the death of the attendant the cow was found 

 to be tuberculous, as shown by the tuberculin test. 



Infectiousness of milk from tubercular cows, H. L. Russell and E. G. Has- 

 tings (Wisconsin Sta. llpt. 1904, PP- 172-177). — The authors have collected data 

 regarding the presence of tubercle bacilli in milk from tuberculous cattle. Attention 

 is called to the various difficulties which are met with in the identification of tubercle 

 bacilli in milk. 



During the experiments undertaken by the authors, samples of milk from tuber- 

 culous cows were inoculated into guinea pigs. In a number of cases the inoculated 

 guinea pigs died of septicemia or peritonitis. In only 1 case, however, or approxi- 

 mately 5 per cent, did a tuberculous infection take place. The authors argue that 

 there is a potential as well as a present danger to be considered in this problem. It 

 is recommended that all milk from tuberculous cows be pasteurized before using. 



The latest observations and experiments on the transmission of bovine 

 tuberculosis, D. A. Hughes (Amer. Vet. Her., 27 (1904), No. 12, pp. 1154-1160).— 

 Short abstracts are presented of the more important literature relating to the means 

 of transmission of bovine tuberculosis to man and of human tuberculosis to cattle. 



Combating bovine tuberculosis, E. Thierky (Jour. Agr. Prut., n. ser., 8 (1904), 

 No. 33, pp. 203, 204). — A brief review is presented of recent methods suggested for 

 the control of this disease, particular attention being devoted to the vaccination 

 method of vonBehring. The chief objection to this method as at present elaborated 

 is the considerable period of time required for producing an effective immunity. 



Tuberculosis in fowls, A. R. Ward (California Sta. Bui 161, pp. IS, jigs. 4). — 

 Apparently attention was first called to the existence of tuberculosis in fowls on the 

 Pacific Coast in 1900. The writer has observed the disease only ingrown fowls. In 

 most cases the liver is affected, and for this reason poultry men frequently call the 

 disease liver complaint or spotted liver. 



Notes are given on the symptoms and pathological appearance of the disease. 

 Tuberculous growths are usually observed in the walls of the intestines and in the 

 liver. This fact, in connection with the further fact that tuberculosis of the lungs is 

 exceedingly rare in fowls, indicates that the tubercle bacilli enter the body of fowls 

 with the food. The disease is apparently not spread by means of the egg, but more 

 likely through the agency of droppings. 



In controlling the disease the tuberculin test, as shown by trials with L'l fowls, can 

 not be relied upon. The affected fowls should be killed, roosting houses and yards 

 should be sprayed with a disinfectant as frequently as possible, and healthy young 

 fowls should be kept away from diseased stock and from infected premises. 



The agglutinability and the agglutinating power of liquid cultures of 

 avian tubercle bacilli, J. Nicolas and P. Cotrmoxt (Compt. R< nd. Soc. Biol. [Paris], 

 56 I 1904 ), No. 10, pip. 455, 456). — In these experiments it was found that the cultures 

 of avian tubercle bacilli were not agglutinated even by a serum which possesses a 



