876 EXPERIMENT STATION RECORD. 



actual trial on His own ground, and a trial extending over several years, that such 

 manuring would repay him; with gooseberries we should recommend dunging the 

 greater part of the plantation, and reserving only a small portion for trials with arti- 

 ficial manure and with no manure; with currants, raspberries, and strawberries we 

 should recommend the same experimental treatment as with gooseberries, wherever 

 dung, or some manure containing a considerable proportion of organic matter, were 

 procurable at a moderate cost; in cases where this was not so, the bulk of the plan- 

 tation might be treated with artificials, and only a small portion reserved for treat- 

 ment with dung. 



"In no case, except for the purpose of trial, should we recommend a heavier dress- 

 ing than 12 tons per acre, or its equivalent in artificials, and in no case should any 

 conclusions be drawn as to the action of the manures on the strength of less than 3 

 or 4 years' results." 



An experimental shipment of fruit to Winnipeg, J. B. Reynolds (Ontario 

 Agr. Col. Rev., 17 (1904), No. 3, pp. 153-157, figs. 4)- — Two cars containing mixed 

 fruit — peaches, pears, plums, and grapes — were shipped by freight from St. Catharines 

 to Winnipeg. Express rates on carloads were $2.10 per hundred, while freight rates 

 were about 74 cts. per hundred. 



The experiment proved that tender fruits could be carried safely in refrigerator 

 cars by freight to Winnipeg, the time required being 6 to 8 days. Wrapped XXX 

 Crawford peaches in 13-qt. baskets realized 85 to 90 cts. net; XX Crawford netted 70 

 to 80 cts., and Elbertas 62.5 to 80 cts. These prices were fully equal to those for the 

 best California peaches for the same dates, the larger size of the California peaches 

 being counterbalanced by the superior brightness and color of the Canadian fruits. 



Plums did not sell so well in the Winnipeg market. Baskets containing 11 qts. of 

 the Reine Claude variety netted 47 cts., the Yellow Egg variety 54 cts., and the 

 Grand Duke and Glass 48 cts. Grapes netted for the most part 75 cts. to SI. 02 per 

 crate of 30 lbs., after deducting all charges and cost of packing. 



As to the degree of maturity at which fruit should be picked for shipping to Win- 

 nipeg, the best results were secured with all classes of fruit when it had been left on 

 the plant until of full size and characteristic color. It should be picked while still 

 firm, but before the yellow tints, significant of ripeness, have begun to appear. 

 "Peaches and pears that were shipped hard and green reached the market without 

 any perceptible change; those that were semifinn at shipment had become suffi- 

 ciently mellow to be in good usable condition." 



A new apple of rare beauty, W. G Johnson (Amer. Agr., 75 (1905), No. 4, ]>■ 

 79,figx. 2). — The history is given of an apple which has been grown in the Hudson 

 River Valley for a number of years, but which lias not previously been publicly 

 described. It is called the Barringer, after Mrs. J. II. Barringer, daughter of the 

 originator of the fruit, 



"In size the fruit runs from medium to large and is unusually attractive. It is yel- 

 low, washed with a mixed red, splashed and striped with crimson." It is roundish 

 in form with yellow-colored flesh of fine juicy texture. It is an early winter sort. 



A frost-proof orange orchard, T. L. Mead (Country Life in America, 7 (1905), 

 No. 4, i>i>. 367-S69, 385, 386, fig*. £).— An account is given of the construction of a 

 shed in Elorida to protect oranges from frost.. The shed is covered witli canvas in 

 cold weather and is heated by a spray of warm artesian water having a natural tem- 

 perature of about 70°. 



Sterility in the Japanese plums, M. B. Waite (Amer. Agr., 75 (1905), No. 5, 

 p. 112).— The author states that from experiments carried on recently in bis plum 

 orchard Japanese plums are practically self-sterile and require cross-pollination to 

 insure fruitfulness. 



"Not only the ordinary common Japanese varieties, such as Abundance, Burbank, 

 Red June, Chabbeau, Agen, etc., are decidedly self-sterile to their own pollen, but 



