CHEMISTRY. <)47 



easily be confused with the coloration produced in heated milk free from nitrates. No 

 characteristic reaction was obtained when less than L8 per cent of water containing 

 8mg. of N 2 6 per liter had been added to the milk. The reaction was positive in 

 the greater number of samples examined in which the presence of water was indicated 

 by the composition of the milk. Owing to the failure of this test, when water free 

 from nitrates has been added to the milk and the difficulty of distinguishing the 

 reaction from that produced in pasteurized milk, the test is not recommended im- 

 practical purposes, but is considered of value to the chemist in confirming conclu- 

 sions drawn from the composition of milk. 



Refractometer investigations of milk and meat, Rievei. (Deut. TierdrzU. 

 Wchnsdir., 13 (1905), No. i.\ pp. 138-131 ', figs. 8).— Investigations by means of the 

 Zeiss immersion refractometer were made of the milk of normal and diseased 

 women and cows; milk preserved with formalin, boric acid, borax, sodium salicy- 

 late, and potassium bichromate; and of the flesh of normal and diseased cattle, pigs, 

 sheep, dogs, rabbits, guinea pigs, poultry, and horses. The method is believed to be 

 of no practical value as a means of detecting preservatives or determining whether 

 milk or meat came from healthy or diseased animals. 



On the cryoscopy of milk, A. Desmouliere (Ann. Chim. AnalyL, 10 (1905), 

 No. -)', pp. 89, 90). — It is shown that sodium bicarbonate, formalin, and glycerin 

 materially affect the freezing point of milk. A sample of milk showing a freezing 

 point of 0.53° C. showed the same determination after the addition of 50 CC. of water 

 and 1 gm. of glycerin. Inasmuch as the freezing point is not affected by the removal 

 of fat and is influenced by other means, it is believed that this method can be used 

 only in connection with chemical analysis as a means of determining adulteration of 

 milk. 



Cryoscopy of milk, I. S. Bomstein (Russ. Vrach., 3 (1905), No. 3; abs. in Jour. 

 Amer. Med. Assoc, 44 (1905), Xo. 15, p. 1236). — The value of cryoscopy as a meansiof 

 detecting the addition of water to milk is confirmed by the author, who claims that 

 even 5 per cent of water can be infallibly detected by this means. 



Experience with "sin-acid" butyrometry, H. Hoft (Molk. Ztg., 19 (1905), 

 No. 13, pp. 309, 310). — Following directions for the use of this test, the- author has 

 obtained satisfactory results as compared with the Gerber method. The Gerber test 

 bottles gave equally as good results as those especially devised for the purpose. 



Experiments on the usefulness of the Sichler "sin-acid" butyrometry, 

 Lotterhos i Molk. Ztg., 19 (1905), No. 7, pp. 145, 146). — Comparative tests- of the 

 Sichler and Gerber methods are reported. The nonacid method is believed to be 

 well suited for the rapid determination of fat in whole milk, skim milk, buttermilk, 

 acid and preserved milk. The fat layer was clearly differentiated without the use 

 of the centrifuge. The results by the 2 methods agreed closely. 



"Sin-acid " butyrometry, M. Popp ( Molk. Ztg., 19 ( 190-', ), No. 9, pp. 197, 198).— 

 This is supplementary to a previous article by the author (E. S. R., 16, p. 640) and 

 consists essentially of a discussion of this method. It is believed that this method 

 must not be considered as a new one, but merely as a new form of the long discarded 

 alkali method. 



Practical notes on the analysis of butter, Vuaplart (Abs. in Ann. Chim. 

 Analyt., 10 \ 1905), No. 3, pp. 118, 119). —Methods employed by the author in the 

 analysis of butter and the average results obtained on 35 samples are reported. 



A simple method for the determination of fat in butter, A. Hesse (Ztschr. 

 Untersuch. Nahr. u. QenussmU., 8 (1904), No. 11, pp. 678-675). — A modification of 

 the Gottlieb method is described. 



Note on the detection of cocoanut oil in adulterated butter by the method 

 of Muntz and Coudon, F. Jean (Ann. chim. Analyt., 10(1905). No. 3, pp. 96-98; 

 Indus. Lait [Paris], 80 (1906), No. 15, pp. 178-175).— The method of Miintz and 



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