METEOROLOGY CLIMATOLOGY. 955 



la>t and first killing frosts for 15 years. The mean temperature for the year at Storrs 

 was 46.8°; total precipitation, 18.45 in.; number of cloudy days, L20. The average 

 rain tall for the State during the 6 months ended October 31 waa 25.78 in. The mean 

 annual temperature for L5 years lias been 47°, theannual precipitation 47.36 in. ; the 

 average length of growing season L46 days. 



Meteorological chart of the Great Lakes, A. .1. Henry and X. I'.. Congeb 

 (U.S. J>i/>t. Agr., Weather Bureau, Meteorological Chart of the Great Lakes, 1904, No. ;, 

 />/>. 18, chart 1). — This is a summary of observations on high winds in the lake region 

 during the season of navigation, 1904; wind velocities and anemometer exposures; 

 precipitation in the lake region, November, L903, to October, L904; lake levels, 1904; 

 opening and closing of navigation, L904; vessel passages at Detroit, Mich., during the 

 season of navigation, and wrecks and casualties during 1004. 



Daily variations of temperature in the upper air, L. Teisserenc hi: Boet 

 (Compt. Rend. Acad. Sci. [Paris'], 140 (1905), No. 7, pp. 467-470, fig. t). Observa- 

 tions by means of balloons during 3 years at heights varying from 2 to 10 kilometers 

 are summarized and discussed, vertical isotherms being traced for some of the periods 

 of observation. 



Rainfall returns (Agr. News [Barbados'], 4 (1!'0~>), X<>. 77, />. S6). — The monthly 

 rainfall during L904 in Antigua (mean of 70 stations) and at the botanic gardens in 

 Santa Lucia is summarized. 



Rainfall in the agricultural districts, E. L. Fowles I Queensland Agr. Jour., 15 

 (1905), No. 6, p. 798).- A table is given which shows the total rainfall for each 

 month of 1 004 in 41 agricultural districts of Queensland. 



Autumn rainfall and yield of wheat, VY. N. Su \w (Jour. Soc. Arts, 53 (1905), 

 No. 2727, pp. 366, 367; Nature [London], 71 (1905), No. 1846, pp. 470, 471, fig. /).— 

 A table is given which shows the relationship between the rainfall during L3 weeks, 

 covering approximately the months of September, October, and November, and the 

 succeeding yield of wheal in England for 21 years, 1884 to 1905. The figures show 

 in general that "the yield of wheat goes up as the autumn rainfall goes down, and 

 vice versa. . . . 



"With certain exceptions, every inch of autumn rainfall involves a diminution of 

 the yield of wheat for the following year by a bushel ami a quarter per acre. It may 

 he premised that the extreme variation of yield was from 26 bu. in 1892, 1893, and 

 1895 to 35 bu. in 1898. If the yield be computed from the autumn rainfall by sub- 

 tracting from the datum of 39.5 bu. per acre a bushel and a quarter for every inch ><i 

 autumn rainfall, the 'computed yield' obtained in this way shows an astonishing 

 agreement with the actual yield given in the official returns. . . . 



"Various reasons may be given for regarding the autumn rainfall as likely to influ- 

 ence the yield of wheat; the washing of nitrates from the soil by the rain or the post- 

 ponement of sowing to the spring on account of the wet are, no doubt, effective, but 

 that all causes should combine to make the dryness of autumn the dominant factor 

 in determining the yield, as it clearly is, is very remarkable." 

 • Cannon defense against hail (U. S. Dept. Com. and Labor, Mb. Consular Rpts.. 

 190'), No. .'.''-'. /'/-. 64-66) .—This is a brief note on a report on the use of hail cannon 

 during the la-i year by J. Chatillon, president of two local agricultural societies and 

 of the Hail Cannon Society of Linias. 



The pagoscope, G. Vrroux (Nature [Paris], S3 (1905), No. 1654, p- !■''!, fill- 1; 

 abs. '<u Lit. Digest, SO ( 1905), No. /•?, p. 470, fig. 1).—A device carrying both a wet- 

 bulb and a dry-bulb thermometer with a double scale and pointer so arranged that 



the usual mathematical calculations are obviated and the probabilities of frost during 

 the night are readily determined from the readings of the two thermometers shortly 

 before sunset. 



