974 EXPERIMENT STATION RECORD. 



The experiment is to be continued. On the whole it appears that lime nitrogen 

 is a valuable fertilizer for garden vegetables. 



The constituents of celery, M. Bamberger and A. Landsiedl ( Mdnatsfi. Chem., 

 25 (1904), />/>■ 10:10-1034; ribs, in Analyst, 30 (190,5), No. 340, p. 22). —Fresh root 

 stalks were found to contain inannit, asparagin, and tyrosin. Leucin was not found. 

 The amount of asparagin isolated from different samples Was fairly constant, being 

 about 0.005 per cent. The proportion of tyrosin present was very small. 



Methods of marketing fruits, vegetables, flowers, and poultry (Bui. Mens. 

 Off. Renseignements Agr., 4 (1905), No. 1, pp. 15-28). — A description is given of the 

 packages used in France and the methods observed in the packing and shipment of 

 all kinds of vegetables, fruits, flowers, and poultry. 



Results from fertilizing orchard fruits, Clausen (Landw. Jahrb., 33 (1904), 

 No. 6, pp. 939-960, pi. 1). — A detailed account is given of extensive experiments in 

 fertilizing apple trees with a number of different commercial fertilizers. Unfortu- 

 nately after the experiment was begun it was found that the orchard had recently 

 been heavily fertilized, as a result of which the effect of the fertilizers in the experi- 

 ment was to retard or depress growth. Some minor results were obtained, however, 

 which are interesting. It was found that the comparative growth of different tires 

 could be as readily compared by measuring the thickness of the stem as by measur- 

 ing the length. The variety Schoner von Boskoop grew much more rapidly under 

 all conditions than the Baumann Reinette variety. The depressing effect of the 

 different fertilizers was least noticeable when they were applied at the beginning of 

 March rather than later. The use of nitrogenous fertilizers also decreased the inju- 

 rious effect of o\ erfertilization with potash and phosphoric acid. Sulphate of ammo- 

 nia was superior tomitrate of soda for this purpose. The use of nitrogenous ferti- 

 lizers tended to lengthen considerably the growing period of the trees. It could not 

 he determined that this was injurious, though the experiment extended over a period 

 of 3 years. The after effects of nitrogenous fertilizers were still very prominent the 

 second year. It was thought that since the trees in the experiment were overferti- 

 lized with mineral fertilizers that the twigs would contain an unusually large percent- 

 age of ash. Analyses, however, did not confirm this belief. 



Winterkilling of peach trees. Report of investigations in the Lake 

 Erie fruit belt, W. J. Green' and F. II. Ballou (Ohio Sta. Bui. 157, )>/>. 115-134, 

 figs. 9). — Great losses were sustained during the winter of 1903—1 by fruit growers of 

 the Lake Erie peach belt, especially those of Catawba Island and the peninsula of 

 eastern Ottawa County, from injury to the trees by severe and prolonged cold. Some 

 entire orchards were destroyed and many orchardists ruined. Many contradictory 

 features appeared throughout the affected regions. Some orchards were not injured 

 at all. In others a row, section, or block of trees might come through in perfect 

 condition, while all others were killed. Trees on imperfectly drained land might he 

 killed outright in one instance and come through without injury in another. Like 

 results were observable with trees on elevated land. Trees of the same variety often 

 varied greatly in their susceptibility to injury. 



The station horticulturist and his assistants visited injured and uninjured orchards 

 in the affected region and made a study of the whole subject. The direct cause of 

 injury was the intense and prolonged cold accompanied by deep and hard freezing. 

 In addition there were many specific causes. Generally speaking, trees and orchards 

 of low vitality suffered most. There were a number of specific conditions contribu- 

 ting to low vitality, such as an exhausted and insufficient degree of fertility, low 

 physical condition of soil due to absence of vegetable matter, prevalence of San Jose 

 scale, which in some sections killed the trees, and in others left them in so weakened 

 a condition that they succumbed to the cold even after the scale had been combat- 

 ted by spraying, leaf curl which by defoliation weakened the trees, borers, extremely 

 dry condition of the ground when winter set in, and in some cases wet soil. Meth- 



