978 EXPERIMENT STATION RECORD. 



rout having been placed in a horizontal position will very soon send off numerous 

 fibrous roots, and the seedling can be transplanted to the orchard at any time." 

 Another method is to plant the nuts in shallow drills as before and cutoff the sprout, 



which is the taproot, close to the nut. "The taproot having been cut off will now 

 send mit numerous fibrous roots, and the seedling can he transplanted to the orchard 

 without danger." Nuts thus planted \\ ill he ready lor grafting in about :! years. The 

 budding of chestnut seedlings has not proved a success. Young chestnut trees found 

 wild have been successfully removed to the orchard and grafted with improved 

 varieties. In this connection it is stated that over 1,000 wild-cherry trees have heen 

 grafted with the best varieties of cultivated cherries. 



The effects of etherization on plants, W. J. Beltz (Jardin, 19 (1905), No. 430, 

 />/>. .'6, 27). — A discussion of the physiological effects of etherization on plants. The 

 author believes that ether or chloroform occasions an extension of the cells through 

 exterior excitation. This extension produces an enlargement of the cell capacity in 

 the same manner as that produced on plants by the sun in the springtime. 



Etherization in forcing, A. Maumene (Jardin, 19 (1905), No. 431, pp. 44-46, 

 figs. -i). — The author states that the practice of etherization is meeting with much 

 favor among florists in France. A description is given of an etherizing chamber, 

 which may he installed in the forcing house, with detailed drawings of the various 

 parts. 



Some notes on carnation crosses, W. X. Rrnn (Amer. Florist, 23 {1905), No. 

 868, pp. 104S, 1046). — The author has made about 1,500 carnation crosses and grown 

 about 6,000 seedlings. His methods of crossing and growing carnations are discussed. 

 A table compiled from !>74 crosses made during 8 years shows that the percentage of 

 the crosses which failed increased from .'!4 per cent with those made from November 

 20 to 30, to 05 per cent with those made from February 1 to 3. With the crones 

 made during the early part of the season, i. e., in November, an average of 15.5 

 seedlings were raised per pod, while with crosses made the first of February there 

 were only 4.6 seedlings raised per pod. The author notes that the percentage of 

 failure in these experiments was really larger than it need have been had more care 

 been taken. One of the points winch the author considers of the greatest impor- 

 tance in crossing is that the work he done on a bright sunny day and after the sun 

 has been shining for some hours. "When the pollen is like dry dust, and scatters 

 at a touch, the conditions are best. When the pollen is gummy and has a tendency 

 to cohere at all, failure is almost certain." 



All the foxgloves worth cultivating, F. A. Waugh (Gard. Mag., I (1905), 

 No. 1, />/>. 15, 16, figs. 4)- — This is a short monograph on the subject of foxgloves 

 designed to bring our knowledge of the subject up to date. It describes 8 of the 

 species which are most desirable for culture in this country and gives a key for their 

 identification. 



Extraction of essential oils and perfumes in France, R. P. Skinneb ( U. S. 

 Dept. Com. and Labor, Mo. Consular Rpts., 1904, No. 291, pp. 259-262). — An account 

 of the methods observed in France in the extraction of essential oils and perfumes. 



FORESTRY. 



"What forestry means to representative men ( U. S. Dipt. Agr., Bureau of For- 

 estry Circ. 33, pp. 31). — This circular consists of portions of addresses delivered by 

 different individuals before the American Forest Congress, held at Washington Jan- 

 uary 3-6, 1905, a preliminary account of which has already been given ( E. S. R., 10, 

 p. 627). 



Manual of the trees of North America exclusive of Mexico, C. S. Saroent 

 (Boxt<m an,] New York: Houghton, Mifflin & Co., 1905, pp. XXIII+826, pi. 1, »•. 

 642). — In this volume the author has brought together into a condensed and con- 



