994 EXPERIMENT STATION RECORD. 



the kerosene and lime. In general 1 lb. of Lime will absorb I qt. "f kerosene, and 

 the K-L mixture should be made in that proportion. The mixture is then diluted 

 with water to make the required strength. For a 15 per cent mixture, 7.' gal. of 

 kerosene, 30 lbs. of lime, and 41] gal. of water are required to make 50 gal. of the 

 mixture. Where it is desirable to avoid the whitewashed appearance of the small 

 bushes, lampblack may be added at the rate of 1 oz. to 10 lbs. of the lime. The 

 K-Lmixture may be further combined with Bordeaux mixture or copper sulphate, 

 to which, if desirable, some arsenical poison may be added. 



Experiments were made in testing the value of adding adhesives to the K-L mix- 

 ture. Rosin soap, Bordeaux mixture, ami copper sulphate were used for this pur- 

 pose with satisfactory results. Copper sulphate is perhaps the 1 »-st adhesive for use 

 with the K-L mixtures. For summer spraying it appears to be safe to apply a 10 per 

 cent K-L mixture with or without adhesives to apple, pear, peach, plum, and cherry 

 trees. A slight injury to the foliage may follow when 12^ or 15 percent solutions 

 are used, but the injury is so small that it can lie disregarded in view of the increased 

 efficiency of the mixture. During the dormant season a 25 per cent mixture may be 

 used. The K-L mixture when compared with lime-sulphur-salt wash proved to be 

 about equally efficient, but did not adhere quite so well. The chief advantages of the 

 K-L mixture are that it may be prepared without the use of heat at a moderate cost 

 and without the development of unpleasant odors. The spray spreads readily on the 

 bark of treated trees. 



Sulphur washes for orchard treatment, II, P. J. Parkott, »S. A. Beach, and 

 F. A. Sirrine (New York Stair Sta. liiil. 862, pp. 37-68, pis. 4)- — Experiments were 

 carried out to ascertain the applicability of sulphur washes as combined insecticides and 

 fungicides and to determine the extent to which they may replace Bordeaux arsenical 

 mixtures. The experiments were conducted in a number of orchards involving 

 apple, peach, pear, and plum trees. The orchards were divided into 4 sections, one 

 of which was sprayed once with the sulphur wash, a second 3 times with a sulphur 

 wash (once before the opening of the buds and twice after the fall of the blossoms), 

 the third 3 times at similar intervals with Bordeaux arsenical mixture, while the 

 fourth was left unsprayed. The lime-sulphur wash contained 15 lbs. each of lime 

 and sulphur per 50 gal. of water. The lime-sulphur-caustic-soda wash was also used, 

 containing 30 lbs. lime, 15 lbs. sulphur, and <> lbs. caustic soda per 50 gal. of water. 

 On peaches sulphur wash proved very efficient in destroying the San Jose scale and 

 checking leaf curl. The trees were not injured except in the case of a few Elbertas 

 which were well advanced in growth at the time of spraying (April 14 to 16). On pear 

 trees the blister mite was almost entirely eradicated and the trees were unaffected. 

 The application of Bordeaux arsenical mixtures to apple trees appeared to be more 

 effective in controlling the codling moth than the sulphur wash alone. The use of the 

 sulphur wash was very effective in the control of apple scab. Apple aphis was not 

 sufficiently abundant to permit a conclusion as to the effectiveness of the remedies 

 used. The sulphur wash gave satisfactory results in treating trees for the scurfy 

 bark louse, and the lime-sulphur-caustic-soda wash was effective in destroying Chio- 

 naspis corni on dogwood trees. A comparison was made of the value and effective- 

 ness of different forms of sulphur washes. Preference is given by the authors to the 

 boiled lime-sulphur wash. Where conveniences for applying beat were not at hand, 

 however, the self-boiled lime-sulphur-caustic-soda wash was recommended. One 

 application of the sulphur wash reduced apple scab 22 per cent. The combined 

 treatment, consisting of one application of sulphur wash before the buds opened and 

 2 treatments of Bordeaux arsenical mixtures after flowering, reduced the apple scab 

 73 per cent and the codling moth 27 per cent. 



Sulphur sprays for orchard trees, II, F. EL Mallet a l. (New York State Sta. 

 Bui. 262, popular ed.,pp. 10, figs. 2).—K popular edition of Bulletin 262of this station 

 noted above, 



