DAIBY FARMING — DAIRYING. 1011 



Experiment on the most suitable nutritive ratio for milch cows, W. Thiexe- 

 \i w\ ( FuMing's Landw. Ztg. ,54 I 1905 I, Nos. /, />/>. !■'■ 22; .', /</<. 51 55 |. — fnan experi- 

 ment with 2 rows, covering 5 periods of 15 days each, nutritive ratios of 1:7.34, 

 1:8.10, and 1:8.23 were compared with a ratio of I :<>.r>. The results show that a 

 diminution in the quantity of protein fed with a corresponding increase in the quan- 

 tity of carbohydrates produced a decrease in the yield of milk. The percentages of 



fat and protein in the milk were also somewhat decreased. Variations in the pro- 

 tein ami fat in the milk were always in the same direction. The live weight of the 

 animals was increased by a slight widening of the nutritive ratio, but considerably 

 decreased by a still greater widening of the ratio. From a practical standpoint it is 

 considered questionable if the ratio can he widened beyond 1:7. .'54 without unfavor- 

 able results. A ratio of L:8.10 is believed to he unprofitable. 



A comparison of feeding standards for dairy cattle, Linckh i Fuhling' s Landw. 

 Ztg., 54 {1905), Nos. 3, pp. 73-83; 4, />/>■ 120-132; 5, pp. 159-172).— This is a some- 

 what detailed presentation and discussion of the relative merits of the feeding 

 standards of Lehmann, Kuhn, Marcker, Pott, and Stutzer for dairy animals. 



Feeding standards, A. Sti tzer i FuMing's Landw. Ztg., 54 I 1905 I, No. :, pp. 225- 

 232 ). -This is a discussion of feeding standards with especial reference to Mime of the 

 conclusions drawn by Linckh. 



The Danish food units and the control associations, Kaiser {Milch Ztg., 34 

 | 1905 I, Nos. 1, pp. 3-5; .'. pp. /•<, V>; 3, pp. 27-29). — This includes a discussion of the 

 system of units used in Denmark to indicate the relative feeding value of different 

 materials, a summary of the results obtained in the feeding experiments which have 

 been in progress for a series of years, and remarks on the application of Danish 

 methods to German conditions. 



Skim milk for milch cows, C. L. Beach and A. B. Clark {Connecticut Starrs 

 Sta. Rpt. 1904, pp- 148, 149). — The experience at the station has been unfavorable to 

 the utilization of skim milk as a food for cows. Only 4 out of 24 cows could be 

 induced to drink it, although various expedients, such as placing grain in the milk, 

 were employed. A comparison was made of the production of 3 cows fed skim milk 

 and '.I cows fed grain. It is estimated that the substitution of 2,016 His. of skim milk 

 for 252 Ihs. of grain resulted in a saving of $3.82. 



Yield of front and rear udder of the cow, C. L. Beach and A. B. Clark ( Con- 

 necticut Storrs Sta. Rpt. 1904, pp- 131-134, figs. 3). — Records of 15 cows milked twice 

 and of 15 cows milked once are reported. In the first instance, 42.3 per cent of the 

 total yield was produced by the front <piartersand 57.7 per cent by the rear quarters. 

 En the second instance 38.8 and 61.2 per cent were produced by the front and rear 

 quarters, respectively. Brief notes are given on the development of the udder in 

 relation to the capacity for milk secretion, hut the observations recorded are consid- 

 ered too few to justify the comparison of the milk yield with types of udders. 



The milk yield of quarters on same side of udder, C. 1,. Beach ( Connecticut 

 Storrs Sin. Rpt. 1901, pp. 135-137). — In an experiment with 5 cows the different 

 quarters of the udder were milked in succession, the order being varied in different 

 milkings. It is stated that if the quarters on the same side of the udder can draw 

 milk from each other, then either quarter on the same side should give more milk 

 when milked first than when milked last, hut this was not found to he the case. 

 The percentage of the total milk obtained from the quarter milked first was 25.9 per 

 cent, from the quarter milked second 26.4 per cent, from the quarter milked third 

 24.6 per cent, and from the quarter milked last 23.1 percent. As the yield from 

 each quarter enters into each average the differences are attributed to the order in 

 which the quarters were milked. 



Methods of milking, F. G. K.KAUSS I Hawaii Sta. Bui. 8, />/>. 15, figs. 5). — The 

 Hegelund or manipulation method of milking was tested with 2 cow s during :> 10-day 



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