1012 EXPERIMENT STATION RECORD. 



periods. The records of 1 cow showed a total yield of 474. HI ll>s. of milk and 20.38 

 ll>s. of fat from the regular milking and 21.23 ll>s. of milk and 1.821 lbs. of fat from 

 the after milking. The percentages of fat in the 2 portions of milk were 4.29 and 

 The records of the other row showed a total yield of 661.12 lbs. of milk and 

 6 lbs. of fat from the regular milking and 21.36 lbs. of milk and 1.36 ll>s. of fat 

 from the after milking, the fat content of the 2 portions of milk being 3.58 and 7.82 

 percent The average daily yield of milk of the 2 cows was, therefore, increased 

 1.21 per rent and the yield of butter fat 7 ]>er rent. 



It is estimated that by the use of the manipulation method the annual income 

 from the average dairy cow could be increased $10, or that 10 cows could he made to 

 produce as much as 11 cows by the ordinary method of milking. As the regular 

 milking was done very thoroughly it is believed that the experiments show only 

 minimum results obtained by the manipulation method. A description of the Hege- 

 lund method of milking is taken from Wisconsin Station Bulletin 96. 



Methods of controlling contamination of milk during milking, A. L. 

 Haecker and C. W. Mklick, i Nebraska Sta. But. 87, pp. 11-17, figs. 4). — Petri dishes 

 were exposed under udders which had been 1 1 1 sponged with water, (2) sponged with 

 5 per cent carbolic-acid solution, (3) smeared with vaseline, and (4) merely brushed 

 with the hand. The motions of milking were gone through with, although no milk 

 was drawn. When the exposures were made in the stable the number of colonies 

 which developed in the petri dishes exposed under udders treated with carbolic-acid 

 solution was 344, under udders treated with vaseline 346, under udders treated with 

 water 4^:). and under udders not treated 20,500. When the exposures were made in 

 the pasture the corresponding numbers were 86, 92, 120, and 310. In stables having 

 cement floors the air contained a smaller number of bacteria than in stables having 

 wooden floors. The use of bedding increased the number of bacteria in the air. in 

 all some 200 petri dishes were exposed. 



< »n account of cheapness and convenience and its almost equal efficiency, sponging 

 the udder with water is recommended for general use. In summer when the cows 

 are stabled only during milking it is considered better to dispense with bedding. 

 Milking outof doors in clean yards or pastures is preferable to milking in stables 

 even when these are kept in the best condition. 



Test of cows for advanced registration, G. L. Beach and F. L. Comins {Con- 

 necticut Storrs Sta. Rpt. 1904, pp- 141-146, figs. 8).— Tests of 3 cows owned by the 

 Connecticut Agricultural College are reported. 



Calculating the weight of cows from measurements, M. Matievib i Oesterr. 

 Molk. Ztg., 11 I 1904 ■ No. 19, pp. 261-263, figs. 2). — Methods applicable to cattle and 

 also to sheep, pigs, and horses are discussed. 



Improvement of the breeds of milch sheep of Roquefort, E. Makre ( Indus. 

 Laii. [Paris\,30 1906 . No. 7, pp. 74-76). — The special characteristics desirable in 

 breeds ofsheep used for dairy purposes are mentioned and the improvement of such 

 breeds, especially by selection, is briefly discussed. 



Goats' milk in winter, H. Ruegg Landw. Jahrb. Schweiz, 18{ 1904 . No. 1". pp. 

 481-490). — The possibility of breeding goats ao as to have fresh milk at other seasons 

 of the year than in the spring was tested in experiments from J.896 to J.903 with 

 favorable result.-. 



Practical manual of dairying, E. Tosi [Rev. in /.'•'. Gen. Lait, i < 1905), No. 7, 

 pp. 164, 165). — This is .-aid to lie a well-written manual covering in a practical man- 

 ner the different phases of the dairy industry. 



A study in milk secretion, ( '. L. Bkacb ' Connecticut Storrs Sta. Rpt. 1904, pp. 

 138-140). — Eight cows were milked twice a day (5:15 a. m. ami 4:45 ]>. in.) during 

 2 periods and 3 time.- a day | 5:15 and 11a. m. and 4:45 p. m. I during an intervening 

 period of 5 .lays. When milked 3 times a day the average daily yield of milk was 

 increase'! 3 lbs, or 1 ■',.'< pel cent, and the yield of butter fat 0.15 lb. or 14.1 per cent. 



