DAIRY FARMING DAIRYING. 1015 



ammonia. Phosphomolybdic acid produced a canary-yellow precipitate; phospho- 

 tungstic acid a white precipitate soluble in an excess of the reagent; mercuric potas- 

 sium iodid a sulphur-yellow precipitate consisting of long needles; and gold chlorid 

 a lemon-yellow precipitate from which metallic gold separated after a short interval. 

 No precipitate was produced by platinum chlorid and tannin. A concentrated solu- 

 tion of picric acid produced a precipitate consisting of cylindrical crystals soluble on 

 the addition of water. From oxalic-acid solutions the alkaloid passed over in the 

 first portion of the distillate. Further investigations are to be made concerning 

 the chemical nature and physiological action of this alkaloid, to which the name 

 tyrothrixin is given on account of its production by bacteria of the Tyrothrix group. 

 From an Emmenthal cheese lj years old a substance similar to, if not identical with, 

 the alkaloid from the skim milk was obtained. 



The catalase of milk, E. Reiss (Ztschr. Klin. Med. [Berlin], 56 ( 1905), pp. 1-1 J; 

 abs. in Bui. Inst. Pasteur, 3 ( 1905), No. 5, p. 208). — Catalase adheres to the fat glob- 

 ules in milk and maybe separated from cream by washing with, water or physio- 

 logical salt solution. If milk is agitated with infusorial earth the greater part of the 

 catalase is found in the earth, only a small portion being found in the cream and 

 still less in the milk plasma in which the catalase is insoluble. 



Contribution to the question of the influence of high temperatures on tuber- 

 cle bacilli in milk, ( '. Barthel ami < ). Stenstrom | Rev. Gen. Lait, 4 (1904), No. 5, 

 pp. 97-104; Centbl. Bakt. u. Par., 1. AM., Orig., 31 (1904), No. 3, pp. 459-463).— The 

 author studied the effect of the reaction of milk upon the destruction of tubercle 

 bacilli by heat. In one experiment milk rendered alkaline by/ sodium hydroxid, 

 milk rendered acid by the addition of sulphuric acid, and a control sample were 

 inoculated with human tubercle bacilli, the three portions being pasteurized at 70° 

 C. for 2 minutes. In a second experiment milk from a tuberculous cow was used, 

 the pasteurizing temperatures employed being 80° and 85°. The results are consid- 

 ered very positive and constant. In all cases where milk was coagulated the tuber- 

 cle bacilli resisted the heat, while in all cases in which there was no coagulation the 

 tubercle bacilli were killed, notwithstanding a strong alkaline reaction in some 

 instances. The potassium hydroxid and sulphuric acid were without influence on 

 the virulence of the tubercle bacilli, as shown by the results of inoculation experi- 

 ments with guinea pigs. The resistance of the human tubercle bacilli to heat was 

 believed to be due to the protecting influence of the sputum in wdiich the bacilli 

 were contained. The experiments are believed to prove that a temperature of 80° 

 for 1 minute is sufficient to kill all tubercle bacilli in milk in which there is no 

 coagulation. 



Raw or heated milk, H. Brining (Munchen. Med. Wchnschr., ■'>.' ( 1905), No. 8, 

 pp. ■;','.!, .'"." i. — In studying the influence of pasteurization the author made use of a 

 litter of 1 puppies, 2 of which were fed naturally, 1 was fed pasteurized cows' milk, 

 and 1 raw cows' milk. Very unfavorable results followed the use of cows' milk, 

 raw milk being even more unfavorable than pasteurized milk. Pathological changes 

 in the bonee were observed in animal* fed cows' milk. Other experiments with 

 goats and pigs have been conducted, but reference is made here only to the results 

 with dogs. 



On Barlow's disease, E. Peiper and R. Eichloff (Abs. in Milchw. ZentbL, 1 

 (190.',), No. /, /'/'. ••'.', •<'•''). — Young dogs fed exclusively on pasteurized milk showed 

 certain changes in the osseous and circulatory systems, such as anemia of the bone 

 marrow and lower percentages of fibrin and ash in the blood as compared with dogs 

 fed raw milk. The experiments are preliminary to a study of the influence of feed- 

 ing the young with pasteurized milk. 



Comparison of methods of preserving milk samples, T. F. McConnell (Ari- 

 zona Sta. li'/'l- 1904, p.487). — Potassium bichromate and formalin were compared as 

 preservatives for milk samples in experiments beginning in March and lasting for 16 



