VETERINARY SCIENCE AND PRACTICE. 1023 



the bovine material caused slight lesions. As a result of the inoculation experiments 

 it was found that 25 per cent produced fatal tuberculosis in calves after intravenous 

 inoculation and 33J per cent after subcutaneous inoculation. It appears, therefore, 

 that tubercle bacilli of various degrees of virulence may be obtained from human 

 sources and that some of these bacilli are as virulent as those known to be of bovine 

 origin. 



A number of experiments were carried out on monkeys which were inoculated or 

 fed with tubercle bacilli of human or bovine origin. One of the monkeys belonged 

 to the genus < !ebus, - to the genus Rhesus, and 4 were baboons. The results obtained 

 from these experiments indicate that there is no important, difference between 

 human and bovine tubercle bacilli. It was shown to be possible to infect monkeys 

 with bovine tubercle bacilli when received with their food. Since monkeys are 

 most closely related to man of all animals these experiments indicate the desirability 

 of taking every reasonable precaution against the use of tuberculous milk and of 

 adopting measures which will eventually eliminate all tuberculous cows from dairy 

 herds. The authors believe, as a result of their experiments, that although there are 

 certain differences between bovine and human tubercle bacilli there ' is not a specific 

 difference or even a difference which permits the grouping of the germs as distinct 

 varieties of tin- same species." A review is presented of some of the more recent 

 experiments concerning the intertransmissibility of human and bovine tuberculosis 

 in connection with a brief bibliography of the subject. 



Immunization of cattle against tuberculosis and experiments in combat- 

 ing the disease by means of serum, F. F. Friedmann i Deut. Med. Wchnschr., 30 

 (1904), No. 40, pp. 1673-1675). — The author has already reported experiments con- 

 cerning the effect upon cattle and other animals of tubercle bacilli obtained from 

 turtles. It was found in a series of experiments carried out for the purpose of deter- 

 mining t lie effect of tubercle bacilli from turtles that these organisms when intro- 

 duced into cattle, guinea pigs, and other animals produce protective substances in 

 inoculated animals to such an extent that these animals remain immune against 

 future doses of virulent tubercle bacilli of bovine origin. A complete recovery took 

 place in treated animals after inoculation with virulent cultures. The lesions pro- 

 duced were only slight and soon yield under the influence of repeated inoculations 

 with tubercle bacilli from turtles. Tubercle bacilli obtained from these animals 

 appear to possess certain advantages over those obtained from any other source. 

 When human tubercle bacilli were used for immunizing cattle the effects of such 

 inoculations are noticeable for several months in the form of definite tuberculous 

 Lesions. It is found possible with tubercle bacilli from turtles to produce immunity 

 to tuberculosis by a single inoculation. The serum of animals thus treated was also 

 found to possess considerable protective power when used for inoculating other ani- 

 mals, and this fact is considered of great importance in view of the slight success 

 which has thus far been had in treating tuberculosis by the serum method. 



The effect of tuberculosis vaccination upon cattle infected with tubercu- 

 losis, L. Pearson and S. H. Gilliland {Reprinted from Univ. Pennsylvania Med. Bui., 

 18(1905), No. 2, pp. 30-35, figs. 12).— During the past two years the authors have 

 tested the effect of vaccination upon young cattle infected with tuberculosis. In these 

 experiments 12 calves, 6 to 8 months of age, were used and were divided into 3 groups, 

 all of which received the same feed and general attention. The 3 calves in one group 

 received 7 intravenous injections of human tubercle bacilli in doses varying from 1 

 cc. to 6 cc. and at intervals from 6 to 20 days. A final injection of 5 cc. was given 

 about 1 year later. The 3 calves of the second group received subcutaneous injec- 

 tions of tuberculin at intervals of 2 to 10 days, alternating with intravenous injections 

 of human tubercle bacilli. The third group of 6 calves received no treatment. Two 

 of the control calves died and the rest of the animals were killed and examined. 



Detailed notes are given on the post-mortem findings in each of these animals, and 



