FORESTRY. 1085 



have been lumbered or denuded by fire. A third type of deforested areas which 

 should be protected is that along the margin of timber belts where excessive grazing, 

 brush, fire, or other agents have prevented the natural reforestation of the species. 

 The tendency of the California forests to reproduce themselves is said to be remark- 

 able, and in many cases fire protection alone, at leasl on areas recently lumbered, 

 will insure a good growth of young forest trees. 



Timber cutting in Minnesota (Forestry and Irrig., 11 (1905), No. ?, pp. 98-94, 

 figs. : . -Under the law providing for the Minnesota National Foresl Reserve 95 per 

 cenl of tin- pine timber was to be cut under regulations approved by the Bureau of 

 Forestry. Of an area of 225,000 acres, 105,000 have already been selected by the Gov- 

 ernment for cutting, and the operations already carried on are described. 



One of the important results of the previous id to be the practical 



demonstration thai it is most effective and economical to pile and burn the brush and 

 deHbris as fast as the logging proceeds. When the burning can no1 be immediately 

 done the brush should be kept compactly piled and burned at a time when th< 

 no danger of the tire getting beyond control. 



The forestry problem of Michigan, J. II. Bissell i Rpt. Michigan Acad. Sci., 6 

 (1904), pp. 40-46). A description is given of the Eorestry operations in Michigan, 

 the extent of the lumbering industry being shown. It is claimed that the value of 

 pine and hard-wood lumber cut in the State amounted to $2,649, 175, 000. In addi- 

 tion to this enormous amount, over $859,000,000 worth of pine and hard wood is 

 estimated to have been destroyed by fire and other agents. 



The statistics show that a large portion of the State is unsettled and unimproved 

 ainl is best adapted to the growth of timber. In order to secure the reforesting of 

 the lands the authoi recommends the repeal of all existing land laws, the acquire- 

 ment by the State of all pine stump lands, the enactment of new land lawn permitting 

 no sale of public lands excepl to actual homesteaders, and the reclamation of State 

 lands by replanting and thoroughly protecting the growing forests. In addition the 

 author suggests a policj of taxation which would encourage private owners to retain 

 and impro\e forest holdin 



Forestry plantations in Michig-an, E. E. Boon: (Rpt. Michigan Acad. Sri.. <; 

 (1904), pp. 51-53). — The author describes atsome length 21 plantations located in 

 18 counties of the State. These include not only the plantations which have been 

 artificially made, but also those which are being managed with a view to securing a 

 future crop. 



The largest of the plantation- described covers 30 acre-, and is devoted to Norway 

 and Douglas spruce and white, Norway, and Scotch pine, about 32,000 trees being 

 planted on this area. The other plantations are briefly described, and an account 

 is given of plantings made on the campus of the agricultural college at Lansing in 

 1875. These plantings included a large range of specie-, and at the present time 

 there are said to be about 1,200 living tree-, the largest and host of which are chestnut, 

 locust, European larch, white pine, white oak, and basswood. 



The plans of the forestry department of the college for future planting are briefly 

 outlined. 



The treatment and the economic possibilities of the farm woodlot of 

 southern Michigan, 0. A. Davis (Rpt. Michigan Acad. Sri, r, (1904), pp. 54-64). — 

 The author describes the extent of farm woodlots in Michigan, and from his obser- 

 vations in various parts of the State is led to the conclusion that in general the 

 woodlots are carrying only about half the number of tree- to the acre that they 

 should contain. The value of various trees for planting is pointed out, and notes 

 are given on the formation of woodlots in different kinds of soil. There are said to 

 be in many portions of the state considerable areas of land which produce hut a 

 small revenue, and these the author urges should lie planted to timber. 



