1098 EXPERIMENT STATION RECORD. 



D. longicornis is less widely distributed than the southern corn root-worm. It is 

 most troublesome in Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Missouri. Nebraska, and Ohio. The 

 larvee of this species feed almost exclusively on corn but the beetles eat other plants. 

 It is apparently single brooded. Losses from this pest may be largely averted by a 

 suitable system of crop rotation. 



Insects affecting- turnips, P. Lesne {Jour. Agr. Prat., )>. ser., 5 (190.5), Nos. 5, 

 pp. 152-157; 6, pp. 178-181, }>J. l). — Some of the insect pests of turnips and related 

 plants are discussed with notes on their life history and on the most approved 

 methods of combating the insects. The species discussed by the author include 

 cabbage butterflies, cutworms, cabbage-root maggot, diamond-back moth, Plusia 

 gamma, Athalia spinarum, etc. Brief suggestions are made regarding formulas for 

 insecticides. 



An insect borer in the vegetable ivory nut, M. Hagedorn (Allg. Ztschr. Ent., 

 9 {190.}), No. 23-24, pp. 447-452, figs. 12). — The nut of vegetable ivory is sometimes 

 injured to a considerable extent by Coccolrypes eggersii, which is described as a new 

 species. The insect is also illustrated in its different stages. 



The curculio and the apple, 0. S. Crandall (Illinois Sin. Bui. 98, pp. 468-560, 

 pis. 8, figs. 29). — In all parts of Illinois some damage is done to apples every year by 

 the plum curculio and apple curculio, the former species being most important in this 

 respect. 



The author presents a detailed discussion of the geographical distribution, habits, 

 and life history of the plum curculio, with special reference to hints which could be 

 derived from this study regarding the most effective means of insecticide treatment. 

 The greatest percentage of pupae was found at a depth of \ in. in the soil, while 59 

 per cent did not burrow deeper than 1 in. The nature of the burrows and the period 

 of pupation were carefully studied. The author describes, in connection with numer- 

 ous illustrations, the injuries due to the feeding punctures and crescent punctures 

 of plum curculio in apples. In one instance 716 apples were examined which 

 showed 1,037 crescent punctures and 1,202 feeding punctures. 



The apple curculio is also discussed, with notes on its habits and life history, 

 including the egg, method of oviposition, number of eggs, period of incubation, feed- 

 ing punctures, larvae, and mortality during development. The characteristics of the 

 2 species of curculio are compared, with particular reference to the nature of the 

 injury caused by them. 



The author discusses the means of combating these pests. It is believed that serious 

 injury to apples by curculios is generally due to neglect of pruning, cultivation, 

 spraying, and fertilizing. The curculios may be combated by spraying with arsen- 

 icals 5 times during the season. Under favorable conditions this treatment will 

 save from 20 to 40 per cent of the fruit. Fallen fruit should be destroyed, and the 

 ground underneath infested trees should be thoroughly cultivated in order to destroy 

 the insect in that situation. 



The average period passed by the plum curculio in the ground is about 28 days. 

 The majority of the new crop of insects are in the ground during July and August. 

 Both larvae and pupae are delicate, and may be easily destroyed by exposure to air 

 and sunlight. It is strongly recommended, therefore, that the ground should 

 receive thorough shallow treatment for a period of about 30 days, beginning with 

 July 10. 



On an injury to fruits by insects and birds. The apple-tree measuring- 

 worm, II. Garman (Kentucky Sta. Bui. 116, pp. 63 81, pis. 9, fig. 1). — Punctures are 

 often observed in ripening grapes, peaches', and plums in Kentucky, and this injury 

 becomes particularly important for the reason that it is accompanied with brown rot. 



Affording to the author's observations this injury is not due to bees, but to tree 

 crickets and in a less degree to green June bugs. Tree crickets (Oecanihus angustir 

 pennis and 0. niveus) were found at night eating holes in a large number of plums, 



