ENTOMOLOGY. 1101 



Detailed directions are given for the preparation of various insecticides and fungi- 

 cides, Bordeaux mixture, soda Bordeaux, copper-sulphate solution, ammoniacal car- 

 bonate of copper, potassium-sulphid solution, iron sulphate, ami sulphuric solution, 

 formalin, dust sprays. Paris green, white arsenic, arsenate of lead, hellebore, kero- 

 sene emulsion, hydrocyanic-acid gas, etc. 



Recent experiments with soda Bordeaux indicate that this fungicide has consider- 

 able value. It maybe prepared by adding commercial lye to a solution of cupper 

 sulphate until the mixture is perfectly neutral. If it is carelessly prepared it maybe 

 either acid or alkaline and will cause injury to the leaves. This danger may be 

 avoided by adding lime at the rate of 1 oz. to 6 oz. of copper sulphate. In prepar- 

 ing the solution copper sulphate is ordinarily employed at the rate of 1 lb. to 10 gal. 

 of water. Notes are also given on spraying apparatus. 



Dust spraying in Delaware, C. 1'. Close {Delaware Sta. Bui. 69, pp. 3-7). — On 

 account of the heavy dews which prevail during the season in Delaware the condi- 

 tions are considered quite favorable for dust spraying. Various materials were 

 tested for this purpose, but none was satisfactory except a combination of pulverized 

 copper sulphate and hydrated lime to which Paris green or some other poison was 

 added. 



As a result of the experiments reported in this paper the author believes that a 

 dust spray can be applied at about one-half the expense of a liquid spray. Applica- 

 tions were made before the buds began to swell and at other dates ranging from May 

 IS to June 24. Apple, pear, peach, plum, and cherry trees were sprayed. No injury 

 was caused by this method of treatment. The codling moth and apple scab were 

 successfully controlled by dust spraying. The author believes that for this method 

 of treatment it is best to rely on some brand of hydrated lime, pulverized copper 

 sulphate, and Paris green. 



The horn fly, J. Spencer ( Virginia Sta. Bui. 153, pp. 71-77, figs. 5). — The life 

 history of this pest is briefly outlined. One of the remedies for controlling it con- 

 sists in applying lime to cow manure in which the insect lives in the larval condition. 



The author found that cows could he effectively freed from this insect by spraying 

 with kerosene emulsion containing 2 gal. kerosene and \ lb. soap per 1 gal. of water, 

 the whole to be diluted with 5 parts of water before using. The swarms of horn 

 flies were reduced to insignificant numbers by daily application for a period of 2 

 weeks. It was found that 15 gal. of the diluted kerosene emulsion were sufficient for 

 treating 100 cattle. 



The sheep maggot, with notes on other common flies, W. W. Fkoggatt 

 {Agr. Gaz. New South Wales, 15 {1904), No. 12, pp. 1205-1211; 16 {1905), No. 1, pp. 

 16-22, pis. 2). — Notes are given on the habits, life history, and economic relations of 

 Cattiphora oceanicae, C. villosa, blue bottle fly, house fly, stable fly, and several other 

 related species. 



For the destruction of the 2 first-named species the author recommends a suitable 

 treatment of the material in which the flies breed and the use of whale-oil sulphur 

 and other dips. In some cases the whale-oil sulphur dip was found to be of little 

 value in treating lambs. Stockholm tar and sulphur were used in such cases. A 

 brief bibliography relating to this subject is appended to the article. 



Flies on ostriches {Agr. Jour. Cape <io<><l Hope, 26 {1905), No. 1, p. 8). — In the 

 Hopetown district a plague of flies occurred on ostriches causing them to become 

 emaciated as a result of parasitism. These flies were identified as Hippobosca 

 struthionis. The flies were found to succumb readily to the use of insect powder. 



A swarm of bees under glass, A. Ronsseray {Apiculteur, n. ser.,49 {1905), No. 2, 

 pp. 68-71, figs. 2).— A description is given of a method of construction of the comb 

 and the forms of comb produced by a swarm of bees allowed complete liberty in 

 this regard in a closed glass compartment containing a branch of a tree for attaching 

 the comb. 



