ANIMAL PRODUCTION. 1107 



The feeding stuffs analyzed include a number of samples of pea meal, pea hulls 

 or pea bran, mixed chop, wheat middlings, wheat bran, low-grade flour, shorts, 

 crushed wheat, "'bees' wing" (i. e., outer layer wheat hull), cotton-seed meal and 

 hulls, linseed meal, gluten meal and feed, corn chop, corn bran, silage and fodder, 

 oat hulls or bran, oat dust, sittings, feed and oatmeal, mill feed, barley dust, malt 

 sprouts, barley, dried molasses beet pulp, poultry feeds, stock foods, and stock-food 

 ingredients, i. e., sphagnum moss and beet sugar molasses. The feeding stuffs were 

 also submitted to microscopical examination. 



The pea meal had on an average the following percentage composition: Water 

 10.34, protein 23.27, fat 1.90, nitrogen-free extract 54.62, crude fiber 7.04, and ash 

 2.83 per cent. The average percentage composition of pea hulls was, water 7.51, 

 protein 10.04, fat 1.44, nitrogen-free extract 36.01, crude fiber 42.07, and ash 2.92 per 

 cent. Some of the conclusions follow: 



"Only a few cases of actual adulteration have been found among the samples 

 examined. In every instance the adulterated sample was forwarded to us by a 

 feeder of live stock. 



"A considerable number of by-products, such as corn bran, oat hulls, and oat 

 feed, etc., are of such inferior quality that they can not, as a rule, be used to any 

 profit. . . . 



"At the present time the prices asked for cattle foods bear very little relation to 

 their feeding value. That is, feed is retailed at so much per ton whether it is rich in 

 protein and well suited to supplement our ordinary farm foods, or whether it is a 

 starchy food, and therefore of much less value in compounding suitable rations for 

 cattle. Such being the case, special care in the purchase of feeds and some knowl- 

 edge of their chemical composition will be found of paramount importance in 

 keeping the cost of feeding down to a point which will admit of a profit. . . . 



"Pea meal, linseed meal, maize gluten, gluten feed, middlings, and wheat bran 

 are by-products which contain a large quantity of protein, and are therefore most 

 valuable components for a ration intended for dairy cows. For fattening pigs good 

 results have been obtained from a mixture of skim milk and low-grade flour. Shorts 

 is an excellent food for young pigs. Oat dust and other feeds of like composition, if 

 pure, furnish nutritive materials at economical prices. . . . 



"Regarding mill feed, oat hulls, and such low-grade materials little need be said. 

 The [data reported] show them to be entirely unfit to feed as substitutes for pea 

 meal, linseed cake, and such nitrogenous materials. There are cases, however, in 

 which these feeding stuffs might be used to advantage, but the feeder is likely to be 

 misled in the purchase of these materials, because the price asked, judged from the 

 cost of standard food materials, would indicate value which they do not possess." 



A table i- given showing the calculated amount of digestible nutrients furnished 

 by different weights of a number of feeding stuffs. 



The composition of rice by-products, G. S. Fraps {Texas Sta. Bui. 13, pp. 14, 

 map 1). — Rice milling is described and a number of analyses of rice by-products, 

 including hulls, polish, and bran, are reported. The feeding value and digestibility 

 of rice products are discussed, and standards for rice bran suggested. The author's 

 summary follows: 



"Rice hulls have a low feeding value; their composition approximates that of 

 wheat straw, but it has less value. 



"Rice polish has a slightly higher feeding value than corn, and is about equal to 

 oats or wheat. 



"Three classes of so-called rice bran are sold in Texas; pure rice bran, consisting of 

 cuticle of the grain mixed with a small amount of hulls incidental to the process of 

 milling; rice bran mixed with rice hulls: rice bran, rice polish, and rice hulls mixed. 

 This confusion will eventually damage the trade. 



