DAIRY FARMING DAIRYING. 1119 



As in the preceding report (E. S. R., 15, p. 1000), the cows were classified as 

 small, medium, an<l large. During 30 weeks the small cows averaged 582 gal. of 

 milk, tin- medium sized cows 628 gal., and the large cows 659 gal. When the cows 

 were grouped according to age, it was found that the average increase in yield of 

 milk per year was 29 gal. from the second to the eighth years inclusive. The maxi- 

 mum yield was given by cows 13 years old, but as the number of cows was small it is 

 considered unreliable. The results obtained indicate that the decrease in the fat 

 content of the milk is not likely to exceed 0.05 per cent per year of age. 



Data are also given showing the fat content of the milk at different stages of the 

 lactation period. The fat content was highest during the first week and lowest 

 during the fourth week, after which a gradual increase was observed. The average 

 fat cinitent of the milk of 27 cows during the period of heat was 3.55 per cent, which 

 was equal to that of the whole herd; several, however, gave milk with an abnormally 

 low percentage of fat. 



Record of herd tests ( Bien. Rpt. Minnesota State Dairy and Food Comr., 10 (1905), 

 pp. 78-W2, ji/s. 13). — It is stated that statistics compiled by the State Dairy and 

 Food Commission show that the average cow in Minnesota produces only 166 lbs. of 

 butter annually. 



Believing that this average could be raised to a marked extent by the systematic 

 weeding out of poor cows, 12 'months' tests of a large number of herds, including in 

 all about 200 cows, were undertaken. Records of 12 herds are reported in this article, 

 along with illustrations of many of the animals. The primary object sought was to 

 furnish convincing proof that every dairyman should test his cows in order to be 

 able to eliminate the unprofitable animals. 



A great dairy test at the World's Fair at St. Louis, J. Long (Jour. British 

 Dairy Farmer^ Assoc, 19 (190~>), pp. 28-40) . — The records obtained at the Louisiana 

 Purchase Exposition in the 120-day tests of different breeds are reported and briefly 

 discussed. The author believes that the test is probably the most important one 

 that has ever occurred in the history of agriculture. 



Stablo inspection (Bien. Rpt. Minnesota State Dairy and Food Comr., 10 (1905), 

 pp. 109-141)- — The results of the inspection of the stables of herds supplying milk to 

 the cities of St. Paul, Minneapolis, and Duluth are here reported in tabular form. 



Progress of dairy farming and dairying [Jour. British Dairy Farmer*,' Assoc, 

 19 (190.~>), pp. 1. 1,1-160). — This contains considerable information on the condition of 

 the dairy industry in Great Britain. 



The subjects discussed include the control of the milk supply; variations in 

 the composition of milk; points for cheese making; adulteration of dairy products; 

 preservation of milk; the milk supply of towns; construction of stables; effect of 

 weather on the quality of milk, and the consumption of milk in the United King- 

 dom. Mention has already been made of some of the work upon which the sum- 

 mary is based (E. S. R., 16, pp. 592, 817, 818). 



The influence of cooperation on dairying, R. A. Anderson (Jour. British Dairy 

 Farmers' Assoc, !'■> (1905), pp. 48-58). — Information is given as to the influence of 

 cooperation in developing the dairy industry in Ireland. It is stated that at the 

 present time there are 367 cooperative creameries in Ireland having 46,299 members 

 and producing 14,000 tons of butter per season. 



Some features of dairy farming in Denmark, W. Bruce ( Trans. Highland and 

 Ayr. Su<-., Scotland, 5. ser., 17 ( 1905 >, pp. 228-239, figs. ■>). — Notes are given on breeds 

 of cattle, breeding, dairy management, feeding, and the Danish system of control. 



Milk testing and control in Denmark, Jour. Bd. Ayr. [London], 12 (1905), No. 

 1, pp. 21-28). — This is a brief description of the control societies existing in Den- 

 mark and < lsewhere for the purpose of enabling farmers to ascertain the productive 

 capacities of their cows. 



