VETERINARY SCIENCE AND PRACTICE. 1 1 2 V 



intervals were found to injure the skin to a considerable extent and did not prevent 

 infection. When izal was added to such dips their efficiency was in no way increased. 

 The average incubation period for dipped cattle was 16 days and for control animals 

 17 day--. Dipping is therefore not considered as capable of materially assisting and 

 controlling tin- disease. 



A report is also made on inoculation experiments against African coast fever by 

 ( '. E. <Jray (pp. 58-60). Notes are given on diseases caused by trypanosomes and 

 the transmission of African coast fever by tick.-, on dietetic diseases of pigs, etc. It 

 is concluded that African coast fever in South Africa is transmitted by Rhipicephalus 

 appendiculatu8 and ll. simtis. 



The etiology and etiological treatment of tetanus, E. von Behhing (Beiir. 

 Expt. '//'"/.. 1904, No. 7, pp. 1-72). — The author presents a detailed account of Ins 

 technical methods for obtaining tetanus toxin and for estimating its virulence. 



It has been found thai the relative amount of antitoxin required for the neutrali- 

 zation of tetanus toxin in vitro decreases with the increase in the quantity of toxin. 

 This fact i- considered striking when it is remembered that the exact reverse is true 

 for diphtheria. The author believes that nothing is added to or taken from the toxin 

 molecules when they become attenuated. They merely suffer a diminution in the 

 rapidity of their reaction without material change. It v as found possible to immu- 

 nize rabbits mosl successfully by means of attenuated tetanus toxin. 



Several methods for increasing the immunizing action of the tetanus toxin have 

 been devised, but the most successful methods involved- the extraction of the toxin 

 from the central nervou.--y.-tem. The immunizing power of tetanus toxin appears 

 to be determined by several factors, chiefly, however, by any influence which may 

 favor or hinder the penetration or absorption of the toxin by the nervous system. 

 The chemical processes of the formation of the toxins persists until the affinities of 

 the nerve cell- a re completely satisfied. 



It was found possible to demonstrate by experiments on animals that the time 

 element is as important in the antitoxic treatment of tetanus as in a case of diph- 

 theria in man. 



The use of serum in the prevention of tetanus, E. Thierry (Jour. Agr. 

 Prat., n. ', I, No. 45, />■ 611). — Brief notes are presented on the use of an 



antitetanus serum in the form of a powder. The results obtained from the u^e of 

 this serum have been quite satisfactory and brief notes are given on the methods 

 which should be adopted in using it so as to obtain the best results. 



Races of tubercle bacilli, V. H. Romer Beilr. Expt. Ther., 190S, No. 6, pp. 1-110, 

 pis. 11 1. — The behavior on various nutrient mediaand the pathogenic power of vari- 

 ous races of tubercle bacilli are described in detail. At the University of Marburg 

 these culture- of different origin have been maintained for varying periods, some of 

 them for a long time, and had been used in experiments relating to the various 

 phases of tuberculosis. 



The oldest culture which is described was obtained from a case of human tubercu- 

 losis. It produces the disease with the usual symptoms in all experimental animals, 

 including cattle, but doe- not cause in cattle the formation of a permanent focus of 

 infection. The most satisfactory place for inoculating cattle is in the anterior eye 

 chamber. Guinea pigs were found to be most susceptible to this race of tubercle 

 bacilli, and in this regard they were followed by horses, goats, sheep, and cattle. 

 The susceptibility of -beep and goats was increased by previous treatment with 

 tuberculin. 



The author describes a second race of tubercle bacilli which was derived from the 

 first one by a passage through goats. This race, like the first, was tested on various 

 animals. Different cultures were found to vary considerably in their virulence. 

 The second race of tubercle bacilli showed a comparatively high virulence, which is 

 attributed to it- passage through goats. 



30858— No. 11—05 7 



