268 MONTGOMERY. [Vol. XV. 



page 542, where their arrangement is according to the alpha- 

 betical order of the authors' names, both the zoological and 

 botanical papers being in this one list. A certain number 

 of contributions dealing with nucleoli are entered into the 

 literature list, which I was unable to find in the libraries 

 at my disposal; all such papers have been distinguished by 

 an asterisk (*) ; the contents of some of the latter I have 

 reviewed from the citations of other writers. 



Literature reviews are here given of all papers, with the 

 object of furnishing a reference library on the subject ; in 

 Chapter IV, consequently, brief allusions only are made to the 

 views of particular authors, and readers can compare their 

 views by referring to the present section. This arrangement 

 of the literature appears the most practical. 



A. Zoological Literature. 

 1781-1860. 



Fontana (1781, cited by Carnoy, '84) was the first to figure 

 the nucleolus in the nucleus, which he describes as " un corps 

 oviforme, pourvu d'une tache en son milieu." 



The discoverer of the nucleolus in germinal vesicles is 

 R. Wagner {'35), and he termed it " Keimfleck " or " macula 

 germinativa." He notes that the germinal vesicle of Unio and 

 Anodonta " zeigt constant zwei Flecke in Form von Kreisen, 

 welche sich schneiden, selten finden sich Abweichungen; der 

 grossere derselben mochte eine gewisse Aehnlichkeit mit dem 

 Keimfleck haben." In his " Nachtrag " to the same paper, he 

 states: "Der Keim ist bei seinem ersten Auftreten eben das, 

 was ich Keimfleck genannt habe. Es ist eine Schicht korniger 

 Masse, welche bald einfach (Saugethiere, Schnecken, Insekten 

 etc.) als Fleck erscheint, bald mehrere zerstreute Kiigelchen 

 bildet (Flusskrebs, Fische, Batrachier), . . . die an der inneren 

 Wand des Keimblaschens angeheftet sind." In two subsequent 

 communications ('36, '37) he notes the occurrence of nucleoli 

 in the germinal vesicles of Coryna, Lucernaria, Cyanea, Chry- 

 saora, Asterias, and Insecta, and finds in Melolo7itJia vtilgaris 

 one large and one small nucleolus. Finally he remarks : " Viel- 



