METEOROLOGY. 23 



West Indian hurricanes, with some observations on the hurricane of the 

 10th of September, 1898, at Barbados (/>'«/. »S7'(. [linrhados], Mi.sc Bui. JO, pp. 



l-lii,Jifi>^. 4). 



On the theory of precipitation on mountains, F. Pockklw [Ann. PItys., 4- >"">'., 

 4 (l.'K)!), Xi). .)', J)/). 4'>!)-4S()). — 111 this article an attempt is made to reduce the well- 

 known theory of I'oifdensation of moistnre from the air on monntain slopes to a 

 (juantitative matlieniatical l)asis. The conclusion is reached that there is a zone of 

 maxin mm precipitation on each mountain slope and that the amount of precipita- 

 tion depends more upon the inclination of the surface than upon its absolute height. 

 It is claimed that the latter conclusion is borne out l)y actual observation, especially 

 on the higher mountain ranges. 



Report on radiation, presented by the international meteorological com- 

 mittee at St. Petersburg- in 1899, J. Violle {Ann. ('hint, ci I'hy.'t., 7. -^er., 22 

 [I'JOl), Mar., pp. .I,^:i-,i7()). — This report briefly reviews investigations on the sub- 

 ject of radiation, and discusses the various instruments and ajjparatus which have 

 been used for its measurement, as well as the formulas used for the calculation of 

 results of observations. 



It is stated that we have excellent apparatus for measuring and recording solar 

 radiation in the observatory as well as transportable instruments for scientific 

 researches, but it is questioned whether we have actinometers which combine the 

 features of simplicity, strength, and ease of use required by meteorologists in ordi- 

 nary ol)servations. Attention is called to the unreliability of all proposed fornuilas 

 for calculating the solar constant. Observations at higher elevations permit an 

 ajiproach to the truth, and it is therefore urged that such observations be multiplied. 



Prevention of hailstorms by cannon, J. C. Covert ( ['. S. Consular Rpts., 65 

 {1901), No. 246, ])p. 3S4-386, fig. 1). — The almost unanimous indorsement of this 

 method of preventing hailstorms by the "hail congress," held at Padua, Italy, in 

 November, 1900, is reported, and a new form of cannon, which uses acetylene gas 

 as an explosive, is 1)riefly described. 



Frost protection {California Cult., 16 {1001), Xo. 10, }>p. 145, 149-131, fig. 1).— 

 Pai)ers by E. W. Holmes, E. A. Meacham, and J. H. Reed liefore the- Riverside 

 Horticultural Club on the protection of citrus-fruit orchards from frost. 



Meteorological and experimental observations on beets, M. Hoffjl\nn 

 {Bl. Ziickrrrulirnbaii, S {1901), Xo. 1, pp. 1-7). 



Phenological observations, Canada, 1899, A. H. MacKay {Froc. and Trans. 

 Xora Sent id Inst. ,Sci., 10 {1899-1900) , Xo. 2, pp. 303-318, fig. 1). 



Annual summary of meteorological observations in the United States, 

 1900 {U. S. Dept.Agr., Weather Bureau, Monthlg Weather Review, 28 {1900), Xo. 13, 

 pp. X 4- 585-599, charts 7 ). — This number gives a table of contents, list of corrections, 

 additions, and changes, and an index for volume 28; and a summary of observa- 

 tions on temperature, pressure, precipitation, wind movement, cloudiness, and other 

 meteorological phenomena " based essentially upon data received from about KiO 

 regular stations, 28 regular Canadian stations, and a number of voluntary stations." 



Meteorological observations, J. E. Ostrander and C. L. Rice {Massacliusetts 

 Hatch Sta. Met. Bnls. Ljo, 146, 147, pp. 4 each). — Summaries of observations on pres- 

 sure, temperature, humidity, precipitation, wind, sunshine, cloudiness, and casual phe- 

 nomena during January, February, and March. The data are briefly discussed in 

 general notes on the weather of each month. 



Meteorological observations at the Michigan Agricultural College for 

 1899 {Michigan Sta. Ujit. V.iOO, pp. 03-117). — Talnilated dailyand monthly summa- 

 ries of observations during 1899 on tem])erature, pressure, precipitation, humidity, 

 cloudiness, wind movement, etc. The sunnnary for the year is as follows: Mean 

 temperature, 47.7(5° F. ; humidity, 89.1 percent; atmospheric jiressure (reduced to 

 32° F.), 29.088; cloudiness, 47.9 per cent; amount of rain or melted snow, 2-1.73 in., 

 snowfall, S!t.l5in.; number of thunderstorms, 5. 



