ENTOMOLOGY. 67 



Beetles injuring trees in the Turkestan region and means of destroying 

 them, N. N. Sokolov [Zlmkl jtin'rezhdaijualiduedercvu a nkladaklt Turkeslam^kayo knuja 

 i sj)o.'<obui ikh unichtozheniya. St. Petersburg: Minister of Agriculture and Imperial 

 Domahis, 1900, pp. 27; abs. in Selsk. Khoz. i Lyesov., 199 {1900), Oct., pp. 249, 250).— 

 The author gives an account of the life his^tory and means of combating C'Zy/us /a/- 

 deniiatinifC. Jti't-hsti, Dirrn'd utii'n, and Pt'dhivx costatns. 



Report of the division of biology, T. W. Kirk {Nav Zealand iJcjit. Agr. Jlpt. 

 1900, pp. 276-346, ph. 26, Jigs. <s'). — Tlie author gives Itrief notes on Rhizobius ventralis 

 and CryptuLrnius mordronzieri . A ])rief statem-ent is made of the purpose and effect- 

 iveness of the Orchard and ( larden Pests Bill, which was passed in 189(i. Imported 

 fruit and nursery stock is inspected and, if necessary, subjected to fumigation. 

 Inspection was also made for the presence of fruit flies. Brief notes are given on the 

 jilum curculio, Hessian fly, ox louse, bird flea, {Pnle.r avium), Sarcopfrs mntans, 

 and Phylloxera. 



Since it had been asserted that fumigation injures the keeping (pialities of the 

 orange, a practical test was made with the result that fumigated oranges were found 

 to remain sound for as great a length of time as untreated oranges. During the 

 course of this work it was found that mites were able to withstand the full strength 

 of the gas. The mites not oidy survived, l)ut were found soon after fumigation feed- 

 ing on scale insects. 



In the treatment of Phylloxera with bisulphid of carbon, the cooperation of grape 

 growers was found to be a matter of great imi^ortance. 



Report of the entomologist, 11. Teyon (Queensland Dept. Agr. Rpt. 1899-1900, 

 pp. 28-32). — This report contains brief notes on a large number of injurious insects 

 which attack fruit trees, garden crops, cereals, and other field crops. 



The structure and biology of Anopheles maculipennis. The egg and 

 larva, <i. F. H. Nuttali. and A. K. .Shipley {.Tour. ITgg. [< 'atidirldge], 1 (1901), Xo. 

 1, pp. 4o-77, ph. 2). — The authors give a brief critical review of the literature of this 

 subject in connection with a bibliography. A detailed account is given of the 

 anatomy and l)iology of the egg and larvae of the species. The eggs are laid upon 

 water which is suitable for the development of the larvae and which is rich in vege- 

 table matter, such as various algse. On the second or third day after oviposition, the 

 larva leaves the egg and begins to swim about in the water. The larva of Anophelet; 

 has only a single j^air of maxillae. This is the first pair, there being nothing which 

 can be identified with the second pair. The chief occupation of the larva is feeding 

 near the surface of the water. In this act the head is reversed so that the ventral 

 surface lies uppermost, the body retaining its normal position. The food of the 

 larva consists in the main of spores of algae, diatoms, the decaying leaves of Lemna, 

 and other minute organisms. Tlie larvae feed with the long axis of the body parallel 

 to the surface of the water. When disturbed they wriggle rapidly to the bottom, 

 tail lirst, where they lie motionless. They are, however, less readily frightened 

 than the larv.f of Culex. 



Extermination of malaria-breeding mosquitoes by petroleum and drain- 

 age, II. C^ Weeks (Sci. Anier. Sup., 51 (1901), No. 1305, pp. 20921, 20922).— K popular 

 account of work thus far done by way of experiments in the extermination of 

 mosquitoes. 



Remarks on Psorophora ciliata, with notes on its early stages, L. 

 Howard (Cannd. Ent., 32 (1900) , No. 12, i)p. 353-357, figa. ,3). —This mosquito is said 

 to occur most abundantly in the austral life zone. Attempts to secure eggs and watch 

 the proce.ss of egg laying were unsuccessful. Specimens of the larvae were obtained 

 from W. P. Seal, of New Jersey. These larva; are larger than most moscjuito larvic 

 and reseml)le those of Culex more nearly than those of Anopheles. The duration of 

 the piTpal stage was from 4 to 5 days. The adult of the species is readily distin- 

 guished by the presence of vertical scales on the legs. The breeding plaiies in which 



