ENTOMOLOGY. 71 



several species of flies and Ijeetles. Experiments were conducted on some of these 

 sjtecies for the purpose <>f determiniiit,' their reaction to liglit, gravity, and other 

 influences. 



The spinning apparatus of larvae of Lyda, N. C'uolodkovsky {All//. Ztsrhr. 

 Eut., 6 {1901), No. i2, pp. 17-19, jigs. 4). — The author gives a detailed description of 

 the anatomy of the spinning glands and related structvires in the larvfe of the genus 

 Lyda, especially L. erythrorcpJKild. 



The stridulating organs of the Rhynchota, A. Handlirsch ( Verhandl. K. K. 

 ZdoI. Bot. r?c.s7'//. 117///, 50 {1900), Xo. JO, pp. 555-560, fins. 7).— The author studied 

 the >«triduluting organs of a number of species and gives details of the anatomy of 

 these structures. The study involved a large number of si)ecies. 



Occurrence of Drosophila ampelophila in great numbers, L. Melrhar 

 ( Weimr Enl. '.'.Iij., ^0 ( 191)1), Xo. 1-..', ]>j>. 7. S). — This species of vinegar fly is reported 

 a»s being abundant in southern parts of Germany. The author observed the species 

 in great numljers during October, 1900, in and about a barrel in which wormy fruit 

 had been left. A brief discussion is given of the literature relating to this species. 



Cockchafers and means of combating them in forests, A. Sobolev {Selisk. 

 KJtoz. i Liicsor., 199 [1900), Xav., pp. SS9-40S). — The author reviews the literature 

 relating to the life history and means of condmting MelolouOia vulgaris and M. hippo- 

 costani, and gives a list of years during which these insects were especially injurious. 

 Especial attention is given to the habits of and remedies for the latter species, espe- 

 cially since there is so little literature on the subject. The methods of digging out 

 and cutting out are descTibed in detail, and notes are given on the agency of the 

 fungus parasite Bofrgtis tenella in controlling the cockchafers. 



Means of protection of plants against attacks by caterpillars, G. Lagerheim 

 {Ent. Tid^kr., 21 {1900), Xo. 3-4, pp. 209-232, figs. 5).— The author presents detailed 

 notes on Coleoptera, Lepidoptera, Diptera, and Aphididre, with reference to the fre- 

 quency of their attacks U2)on various plants. Notes are also given on the bitter 

 juices, hairs, tough tissues, and other devices ])y w'hich different families of plants 

 are t(i some extent protected against the insects' attacks. 



Directions for treatment of insect pests and plant diseases, E. D. Sanderson 

 and F. D. Chester {Delaware Sta. Bui. 50, folio, figs. S). — Brief notes are given on the 

 common insect and fungus diseases of the more important economic plants, together 

 with formulas for making the standard insecticides and fungicides. 



Paris green, W. C. Stubbs {Louisiana Stas. Bui. 63, 2. ser., pp. 577-589, 595, 596). — 

 The author gives a copy of the Louisiana law regulating the sale and purity of Paris 

 green as an insecticide, and reports the percentage of arsenious acid found in a large 

 nimiber of samples. The amount of Paris green sold in different parishes is men- 

 tioned, and it is stated that no evidence has thus far been obtained of violation of the 

 law in adulterating Paris green. 



A fumigator for small orchard trees, V. H. Lowe {New York State Sta. Bui. 

 181, ])p. 138-142, pis. 5). — The author devised a fumigator with dimensions 10 by 6 

 by 6 ft. The frame was made of pine strips, one side of the bottom being left out, 

 so that the box could be easily placed around the tree. A movable side was con- 

 structed so as to be easily fastened in place by means of wooden buttons. The frame 

 is covered with any suitable gas-tight material, such as 8 oz. duck, which may be 

 treated with raw oil and white lead, or shellac with oil and white lead. The canvas 

 over the top may be protected by fastening wire gauze in the top of the l)ox, to pre- 

 vent the branches from tearing the canvas. A strip of canvas 18 in. wide is fastened 

 to each side of the base of the fumigator, and when the box is in place these strips 

 are covered by dirt or sand bags. The box is thus gas tight. 



The cost of this fumigator varies from $13 to $18, according to the kind of material 

 used for the cover. The box may be easily manipulated by 2 men. A bag of cyanid 

 is placed over the dish of acid, and by means of a string passing through a small hole 

 in one of the upright sticks may In- pulled into the acid. The time required for mov- 



