150 EXPERIMENT STATION RECORD. 



it was observed as decidedly injurious to the Cuthbert variety of red raspberry, upon 

 which knots of various sizes were produced. These were of a rough spongy texture, 

 often twice the diameter of the normal cane. AVhen examined late in the summer, 

 the knots were found to be intimately associated with the anthracnose. Similar 

 knots are reported on the variety Thompson, and it is thought that these knots are 

 a peculiar manifestation of the ordinary anthracnose. The raspl)erry rust, powdery 

 mildew, cane blight, and leaf sjiot arc rej»)rted as injuring the crop to some extent. 



New or rare fruit diseases in western New^ York, F. H. Hall and F. C. 

 Stewart {New York- State Stu. Bui. 191, popidar ed., pp. II, y>/.s'. 3). — This is a i)opu- 

 lar summary of the above bulletin. 



A rliizomorphic root rot of fruit trees, E. M. Wilcox {Oklnhoma Sta. Bui. 49, 

 pp. 32, pU. 11). — The results of investigations by the author on the cause of the 

 root rot of fruit trees are given. This particular disease has been observed for some 

 time occurring in the territory, and is due to one of the mushroom fungi. The dis- 

 tribution of this root rot throughout Oklahoma and the United States is traced, from 

 which it ajjjjears to be a widely scattered disease. The most characteristic effect of 

 the attack of the fungus is a great exudation of gum about and from the crown of 

 diseased trees. This gum flow occurs in apple, i)each, and cherry trees, according to 

 the author's observation, and is reported in apricot and others. It sometimes hap- 

 pens that the amount of gum exuded is so great as to form a mass of cemented soil 

 about the tree. The leaves are usually discolored, the yellow coloration being one 

 of the prominent symptoms of the disease. In some cases, however, the leaves wilt 

 rapidly during the growing season instead of becoming yellow, and this rapid wilt is 

 the first indication of the disease. Upon exanunation of trees affected by the dis- 

 ease, typical rhizomorphic strands will be found adhering to the roots. The groups 

 of sporophores, or — as they are commonly called — toadstools, about the V)ase of the 

 tree is positive evidence of the presence of the disease. The changes in the wood 

 caused by the fungus are described, and its spread is said to be through the produc- 

 tion of abundant spores and through the spread of the mycelial strands in the soil. 



The fungus causing this disease is said to be new, and the name Clilocyhe jxirasitlca 

 is given it. The technical characteristics are described and remedial and preventive 

 measures suggested. If a single tree is found to be diseased it is recommended that 

 a ditcli be dug completely around it at a distance of al)()ut 10 ft. The ditch should 

 be about a foot wide and 2 ft. deep, with vertical walls. This will prevent the spread 

 of the fungus through the soil. All infested fruit trees should be removed and 

 burned. This, together with the ditch about the i)lace where the ti'ee has stood, 

 will generally i>revent the further spread of the disease. The fungus has also been 

 found to be parasitic upon various species of oak, and these should be treated in the 

 same manner when occurring in or near orchards. Orchards should not be planted 

 on soil known to contain old oak stumps or roots, as they may be affected and spread 

 the disease to the trees when planted. An extensive bibliograi)hy on the subject 

 completes the bulletin. 



A root rot of fruit trees, E. M. Wilcox and O. M. Morris ( Ohluhoina Sta. Bid. 

 49, popuhir ed., pp. 11, ]>h. 2). — This is a popular summary of the Inilletin noted 

 above. 



Preliminary report on bitter rot or ripe rot of apples, J. T. Stinson {Miswxri 

 Fniit Sta. Bui. 1, pp. 21). — A description is given of the ripe or bitter rot of ajtjjles, 

 caused by Gkeospormm frucilgenuni, together with the results of experiments on the 

 prevention of the disease. The varieties used were Ben Davis and Huntsman, both 

 of which are believed to be especially subject to the disease. Bordeaux mixture was 

 used, from 3 to 5 applications being given the trees. The fruit on the sprayed trees 

 was about 10 days later in ripening than upon the unsprayed trees. The leaves 

 remained on the sprayed trees until after the fruit was gathered, an<l the ])ercentage 

 of diseased fruits was greatly reduced by the treatment. A circulai- was sent out by 



