152 EXPERIMENT STATION RECORD. 



ripening of the fruit and its higher color, the free exposure to air and sunshine ren- 

 dering it less liable to fungus attacks. 



From experiments of the past season, the author believes he is justified in recom- 

 mending the spraying of peach trees with Bordeaux mixture composed of 5 lbs. of 

 copper sulphate, 5 lbs. of lime, and 50 gal. of water, before the Ijuds begin to expand. 

 A second application, in which the amount of copper is reduced to 2 lbs. and lime to 

 4, should be given the trees just before the blossoms open and once after the fruit has 

 set. These applications are to be followed two or three times during the ripening 

 season with potassium sulphid solution, 1 lb. to 50 gal. of water. The injury result- 

 ing from the application of Bordeaux mixture appears to be due to the direct effect 

 of the chemical on the chlorophyll of the leaf, whereby it is disorganized and ceases 

 to perform its normal functions of assimilation. The peculiar susceptibility of the 

 leaves of the peach, apricot, and Japanese plum, as compared with those of the apple, 

 pear, quince, and other fruit trees, does not appear to l)e connected in any way with 

 the total thickness of the leaves or with the differences in size and distriljution of the 

 stomata. Important differences are noted in the arrangement of the spongy paren- 

 chyma of the different leaves. In those susceptible to injury it is very dense, with 

 small, intercellular air spaces, while in the nonsusceptible ones the leaves have a 

 loose, open texture. Whether this fact has any direct bearing upon the question of 

 susceptibility has not been determined. 



Notes on spraying peaches and plums in 1900, C. O. Townsend and H. P. 

 Gould {Mari^land >Sta. Bui. 71, pp. 115-127, Jifji<. 2). — The occurrence of the fruit rot 

 {Monilia J'ru(iigena) upon peaches and plums is mentioned and the characteristics of 

 the disease described. The results of experiments in which peaches and plums 

 were sprayed with Bordeaux mixture for the prevention of this disease are given. 

 Dilute Bordeaux mixture in which 3 lbs. of copper sulphate to a liarrel of water was 

 used greatly reduced the amount of disease without seriously injuring the foliage. 

 No marked difference was noticed between trees which received the first application 

 March 23 and those sprayed May 26 and June 28. The spraying should be con- 

 tinued well up to the time of ripening of the fruit, and, based upon the authors' 

 experiments, can be done at an expense not to exceed 6 cts. per tree. Not only was 

 the disease almost entirely prevented by this treatment, but the texture and size 

 of the fruit was decidedly improved by the applications. The exj)eriments with 

 plums indicated that plums of the domestic varieties were apparently uninfluenced 

 by the aiiplication of the fungicides. The Japan varieties were greatly benefited b}^ 

 the treatment. These are very subject to injury by the strong fungicides, and the 

 amount of copper sulphate to a barrel of solution should not exceed 2 lbs. 



Experiments in the control of fumagine of the olive, D. Vidal {Prog. Agr. 

 et Vit. {Ed L'E.st), 22 {1901), No. 4, pp. 121-124).— ^his disease of the oUve is said 

 to be (juite prevalent and is characterized by the presence on the branches, leaves, 

 fruits, and frequently gn the trunks of the trees, of black, sooty-like patches. It is 

 the growth of a nund)er of fungi more or less well known which follow attacks of 

 certain insects, in this case Lcranium oleiv. Preventive treatment must be directed 

 against the insects upon which the fungus is dependent. The results of investiga- 

 tions carried out in the season of 1900 showed that tlie best meth(jd of treatment was 

 to spray thoroughly with Bordeaux mixture to which turpentine was added. Two 

 sprayings, one in June and the other in September, were found to be sufficient for 

 the eradication of the disease. 



The premature falling of fruit, J. Burvknich {Bui. Arbor, et Flor., 1960, pp. 

 169-171). 



The Anaheim or California vine disease, C. P. Loxnsbury {Agr. Jour. Cape 

 Good Ilopf, IS {l!)Ol ), ,Vo. ,?, pp. 90-94). — An account is given of the disease of grapes 

 which was formerly (juite prevalent in California and which has l)een called the 

 ' ' California vine disease. ' ' This disease was formerly described in a publication of 



