156 EXPERIMENT STATION EECORD. 



specieH of inwefts injurious to fruit trees, small fruits, shade trees, ^rarden erops, and 

 grass and food products, together ^vitli brief notes on the Ijeneliidal insects and the 

 standard insecticides. 



Report of the entomologist, ('. P. Gillette {Colorado Ski. Rpt. 1900, pp. 

 i^-J-yJi).— Brief biological and economic notes are given on the codling moth, peach- 

 twig borer, Cacoccia argyrospila, C. semiferana, leaf crumpler, climbing cutworm, 

 Ahjjna odomaciUata, Phikmipdw nchemon, pear slug, woolly aphis, apple aphis, Put- 

 nam scale, Chronaspis ortholobi% leaf hoppers, apple-twig borer, Lina scripta, and 

 wheat ai)his. Cutworms are reported as occurring in great numbers on alfalfa. 

 They belonged to the species Carncades tcusellata. A beet army worm {Laphygma 

 JIammacidata) was exceedingly injurious in 1899, but w^as comparatively rare during 

 the past season. The caterpillars did the most damage to early Ijeets and injured 

 only late planted beets near weeds or early beets. Brief notes are also given on 

 a number of other injurious insects, bee paralysis, black brood, and experiments 

 with leaf hoppers, coddling moth, and grasshoppers. 



Insect notes, W. E. Britton {Connecticut State jSta. Rpt. 1900, pt. S,pp. 311-322, 

 fjfj_ i).— A brief report is given on experiments with hydrocyanic-acid gas in barn 

 and greenhouse. Treatment of hay infested with clover-hay Avorm was unsuccessful. 

 The gas could not be made to penetrate very far into the mass of hay. Fumigation 

 with this gas was tried in a greenhouse containing tomato plants which were infested 

 with Aleurodef! mporarlorum. The house contained 4,800 cu. ft., and 3 oz. potassium 

 cyanid were used for each 1,000 cu. ft. The gas was generated in the afternoon, 

 and the house was kept closed for 30 minutes. Gas was generated in vessels at each 

 end of the greenhouse. All the insects were destroyed, but more or less injury was 

 noted in most of the plants. A smaller quantity of cyanid than 3 oz. per 1,000 cu. 

 ft. is recommended for fumigating tomatoes in greenhouses. 



Notes are given on the banding of trees to prevent injury by the fall cankerworm. 

 This paper was published in essentially the same form in Bulletin 26, Division of 

 Entomology, of this Department (E. S. E., 12, p. 860). Brief notes are given in tabu- 

 lar form on the common and scientific names, host plants, locality, etc., of insects 

 which are sent to the station for identification during the season. Elm scale ( Gossy- 

 jKirki nlmi) occurred in considerable numbers on elm trees in different parts of the 

 State. Spraying with whale-oil soap was found to be effective, as well as treatment 

 with a 10 and 15 per cent mechanical mixture of kerosene and water. Cabbage 

 plusia was successfully controlled by spraying with a 15 per cent nnxture of kerosene 

 and water. Brief biological and economic notes are given on book lice, codling 

 moth, forest tent caterpillar, and other injurious insects. 



Mechanical mixtures of kerosene and water proved very effective in tht? treatment 

 of a number of insects. A 10 per cent mixture was successfully used against oyster- 

 shell bark-louse, and ajjple aphis and pear psylla were destroyed by means of a 15 

 per cent mixture of the same substance. White flies in greenhouses and the red 

 spider yielded readily to treatment l)y this insecticide. 



The growth of economic entomology in Australia and its relation to 

 agriculture, W. W. Froggatt {Agr. Gaz. New South H«/c,s, IJ {1901), No. 1, pp. 

 131-138) . — The author discusses the economic importance of investigation of 

 various remedies for the control of injurious insects and calls attention to exchanges 

 of beneficial insects between government entomologists of different countries. 

 Brief references are made to various injurious insects by way of illustration of the 

 discussion. 



Some of the internal changes which accompany ecdysis in insects, W. L. 

 Tower {Pruc. Amer. Assoc. Adr. ScL, 49 {1900), p. ^^31).— One. of the most im])ortant 

 changes which precede ecdysis is the development of exuvial glands. These are 

 one-celled, pear-shaped, with the smaller end prolonged into a tube which oi)ens 

 through a pore. The glands enlarge rapidly during the few days immediatel.v pre- 



