ENTOMOLOGY. 101 



roUinfr and tlie uso of water, tlic insects were nnalde to escape after heinfr Imried 

 deei)ly. 



Tlie author gives notes on experiments to deterniini' the influence of tempera- 

 ture on the oHve fly. It was found that larva' exposed to a temperature of from 

 to ()° R. were destroyed in large numhers. The author d(>ternuned hy exjjeri- 

 ments with l)isulj)hid of carbon that the insects were destroyed when SOO cc. of this 

 substance was used per culiic meter of space. 



A nund)er of birds are known to feed upon the olive fly, and among the preda- 

 ceous and parasitic insects which keep the' insect in check the author mentions 

 Enri/toiiKi nis:i; TrlcmmthiA xpiranddrix, JCiiIo/ihiiti pedinirornix, and C'remastogaster 

 sntiellari.t. 



A discussion is given of the beneficial effects of the parasitism of the olive fly, the 

 injuries caused by this fly, the remedies in common use against its ravages, remedies 

 which are adapted to deterring the adult insect from depositing its eggs, and reme- 

 dies devised for the destruction of the egg, larva, and pupa. Among the latter the 

 author mentions hyposulphite of potash and soda, burning over the ground, and 

 injection of cyanid of potash into the plant tissues. Experiments with the last- 

 named remedy gave negative results. 



Two strawberry pests, J. B. Smith {Neir Jen^i'ij Stas. Bui. 149, pp. 17, pis. 2). — 

 The author has worked out certain hitherto unknown details in the life history of 

 strawberry-leaf roller {Phoxopteris comptana) . The eggs are laid on the underside 

 of the leaf, and are of a green color and difficult of detection. The larv.ie hatch in 

 from 5 to 7 days, crawl upon the upper side of the leaf, and begin the formation of 

 webs. The first full-grown larvfe were obtained on June 8, and the author believes 

 that the larval life occupies about 4 weeks. From these larvse moths emerged on 

 June 19 and began egg laying on June 22. The complete life cycle is therefore from 

 42 to 50 days. There are M annual liroods, of which only the first and second are 

 especially injurious. 



The author describes the insect in its various stages, and makes brief mention of 

 parasitic insects which are its natural enemies. As a remedial measure the author 

 recommends spraying with arsenical poisons as soon as the moths are seen flying in 

 considerable numbers, a second time one week later, and a third time after another 

 week. 



The strawberry-root louse {ApJtis forbe.'<i) is reported as causing considerable dam- 

 age to strawberries. The insect is described in its various stages, and brief popular 

 notes are given on its life history and the remedies which have proved most effective 

 in comliating it. 



Two new enemies of grapes, G. del Uuercio {Xuore Relaz. R.Staz. Eitt.Agr., 

 1. ser., 1900, Xo. S, pp. 4iO-41f>, f(jtf. 4)- — Drrpauolhrijis renteri is described in detail, 

 and brief notes are given concerning its life history and injurious habits. P^xperi- 

 ments with insecticides in controlling the species showed that the larvte were killed 

 almost instantly when sprayed with a 2 to 2^ per cent solution of soft soap, and that 

 the same solution was equally effective again.st the pronymphs and adult in.sects. A 

 carbolized extract of tobacco was tried in 1, li, 2, 2h, and '.i per cent solutions. The 

 weaker strengths stupified the insects but did not kill them. The stronger solutions 

 were very effective. 



Another enemy of grapes is found in Sriiizoiii'ura <(iiipelorIiiz<t, which feeds upon 

 the roots of grapevines. The author describes the species in detail. This root 

 louse was found in large nundjers in an active form on grapevine roots, but does 

 not produce tubercles such as are caused by the puncture of phylloxera. Infested 

 roots, on the contrary, shrivel up and die. Fortunately the species so far as known 

 has a limited distribution. 



Animal parasites — III, K. P. Niles ( Vin/iitia Sin. Bid. 110, pp. IS, figs. 5). — 

 This bulletin cuiitHins brief poimlar notes on (laslrophUuH erpii, G. ha'morrhoidalis, 

 G. iiasdlis, ox hot fly, ox warble lly, and sheep Ixit fly. 



