ENTOMOLOGY. 163 



Important insecticides, directions for their preparation and use, ('. L. 



Makl.vtt ( r. N. Drill. Agr., Fannrrs' Bill. 1J7, j>/). 4-, Ji;/-"^- '>)■ — This in a revision of 

 Farmers' Bullt'tiii 19 {E. S. R., 6, p. 315). The l)ulletin h;is l)een in part rewritten 

 and revised, in ordiT to include a discussion of some ni the more recent insecticide 

 treatments. Tlie cliief additions are concerned with an account of the use of pure 

 kerosene and crude oil, the mechanical mixtures of these oils with water, and the 

 distillate emulsion, which is an emulsion of crude oil and soap recommended In- the 

 California State l>oard ot Ilorticidture. 



A contribution to the study of the insect fauna of human excrement, 

 L. O. Howard [Pror. Wa-^liington Acad. ScL, 2 {1900), pp. 541-604, ph. ,.', figx. 

 22). — A shorter popular account of these investigations was published in Pop. Set. 

 Mo., 58 (1901), No. 3, pp. 249-256. The author made extended observations for the 

 purpo.se of determining tlie species of fiies and other insects which, from their copro- 

 phagous habits, may he considered liable to carry the typhoid fever organism from 

 place to place. Many species of insects were bred from human excrement, in(;lud- 

 ing 44 species of beetles, a number of Hymenopterous parasites, and 36 species of 

 Diptera, while 41 other species were captured upon excrement. These species are 

 listed and detailed notes are given concerning the habits and life history of the more 

 important Diptera, including Cnmpsomyia macellaria, Sarcophaga mrracenise, S. tririali.^, 

 Stomo.njs calcltmns, Homalogmia canicularis, Muscina slabulans, Phorafemorata, Lucllia 

 Ciesar, Drosophlla ampelophila, CaUiphora erythrocephala, and other species. The 77 

 species of Diptera belonged to 21 different families. Extensive collections were made 

 of flies which visit dining rooms or kitchens, and which might, therefore, come in 

 contact with human food. These collections included 23,087 flies in different stages. 

 Of this number, 22,808, or 98.8 per cent, were the common house fly {Mnsca doines- 

 tica). The remaining 1.2 per cent comprised a number of species, some of which 

 have already been mentioned. The conclusions maybe stated as follows: Of the 

 77 species of flies whose feeding habits might bring them into contact with typhoid 

 organisms only 8 are likely to come in contact with human food. Of these 8 the 

 common house fly is by far the most important and is to be considered a constant 

 source of danger wherever care is not exercised in the disposal or disinfection of 

 excrement from typhoid patients. 



The renewing of queens, U. Gubler {Rev. Inlernat. Apicult., 23 {1901), No. 2, 

 p]). 2ti-2S) . — The autlior concludes from his observations that bees may produce fer- 

 tile queens from April until October, but that the most favora]:)le time is at the end 

 of the period for collecting h(jney. 



The conditions of sericulture in Italy, E. Verson {Arm. 11. Staz. Bacol. Padova, 

 28 {1900), pp. 22-33). — Brief notes on the statistics of silk culture in Italy from 1880 

 to 1889. 



The possibility of prolonging- the life of silkworm chrysalids, E. Qua.iat 

 {Ann. R. St(tz. Bacol. Padova, 28 {1900), pp. 15-21). — The author conducted experi- 

 ments to determine the question of whether the life of the silkworm could be pro- 

 longed in the chrysalis stage by means of lowering the temperature. While con- 

 siderable influence was exercised upon the silkworms l)y the low temperature to 

 which they were subjected, it was found that many of the moths which issued fiom 

 chrysalids thus treated were in poor condition and laid infertile eggs. 



Glandular tissues in the circulatory system of the silkworm, E. Verson 

 {Ann. R. Staz. Bacol. Padova, 28 {1900), pp. 69-84, pi. i).— The author discusses the 

 literature of the subject and describes in detail hypostigmatic, peritracheal, i>eri- 

 cardial, and epigastric glands of the silkworm. 



The relation between the weight of the eggs of the pure races and of 

 crossed races of silkworms, E. (^rA.rAT (.l»». R. Staz. llaroL Padora, 28 {1900), 

 pp. 34-39).— ThiH is a controversial article. The autlmr believes from his own 



