FOODS NUTRITION. 167 



daily cost, induding waste, was 28 and 23 cts., respectively. The results are dis- 

 cussed at some lenu;tli. 



Nutrition investigations at the North Dakota Agricultural College, E. F. 

 L.VDi) ( r. /!>'. Dept. Agr., Office of Experiment >S(atiotis liiil. 91, pp. ^1-2G). — It was found 

 that on an averajre a club of women students consumed 64 gni. protein, 99 ^n. fat, 

 3(50 gm. carbohydrates per woman per day, the fuel value being 2,(j(>U calories. The 

 average daily cost of food including waste was 13.8 ('ts. 



Nutrition investigations at Lake Erie College, Ohio, Isauel Bevier and 

 Eliz.\betii C. Si'UAGUE [U. ,S. Dept. Agr., Office of Experiment Stations Bui. 91, pp. 

 27-4-2).— A.S shown by a dietary study, a club which was made up almost entirely 

 of women students and teachers, consumed on an average: Protein 68, fat 115, and 

 carbohydrates 321 gm. per woman per day, the fuel value being 2,665 calories. The 

 cost including waste was 18.3 cts. per day. The results are discussed and compared 

 with those obtained in similar studies elsewhere. 



The digestion of various food substances, C. Turle {British Food Jour., 2 

 {190U), Xos. 21, pp. 246, 247; 22, pp. 27S, 279). — A general discussion. 



Contribution to the physiology of digestion; function of the spleen in the 

 formation of trypsin, A. Hekzen {Arcli Physiol. [Pfliiger], S4 {1901), No. 3-4, pp. 

 115-229). — The author cites a number of experiments conducted by himself and his 

 students which lead him to the conclusion that the spleen secretes some substance 

 which possesses the power of changing protrypsin into trypsin. 



Contribution to the physiology of digestion: I, Influence of several foods 

 upon the quantity and quality of the gastric juice, A. Hekzex {Arcli. Physiol. 

 [Ptli'ujer'], 84 {1901), Xo. 3-4, pp. 101-114).— On the basis of experiments made in 

 the author's laboratory, which are not yet reported in full, the effect of a number of 

 foods, including, among others, raw meat, meat juices, and meat broth, on the secre- 

 tion of gastric juice and its composition, is discussed. The experiments were made 

 with dogs having suitable fistulee. The experiments are discussed with special ref- 

 erence to the theories advanced by J. P. Pawlow.^ 



Feeding tests with a dog given difi'erent nitrogenous materials, K. Korn- 

 Ai'TH {Zischr. Landw. Versuchsiv. Oesterr., 3 {1900), Nos. l,pp. 1-25; 2, pp. 133-162). — 

 In a study of the comparative value of a number of vegetable and animal proteids, 

 the digestibility ot aleuronat, conglutin (from lupines), casein, gelatin, hide powder, 

 and nuclein was determined, as well as the balance of income and outgo of nitrogen 

 and i)hosphorus. With the exception of the nuclein preparation, which was uuijleas- 

 antly acid, the nitrogenous substances were as well or better digested than meat meal. 

 Although definite conclusions are not drawn, the experiments, in the author's 

 opinion, do not indicate that the phosphorus of casein was more thoroughly assimi- 

 lated than that of other foods. On casein gains of nitrogen were accompanied by 

 corresponding gains of phosphorus. 



The assimilation of fats, Desgrez {Rev. Gen. Sci. Pares et ApjiL, 1900, July 6; 

 (lbs. in Ztschr. Untersnch Nuhr. u. Genussmtl., 4 {1901), No. 5, p. 206). — According to 

 the author his experiments demonstrate that fat is converted in the body into glyco- 

 gen, and not into sugar. In experiments with dogs the amount of glycogen in the 

 muscles was much increased when fat was consumed, while the glycogen in the liver 

 was not increased. The conclusion is therefore drawn that fat is not converted into 

 carbohydrates in the liver, but that the conversion takes place under the influence 

 of the leucocytes. 



Concerning lipase, the fat-splitting enzym, and the reversibility of its 

 action, .1. II. Kastle and A. S. Lowenhart {Amer. ('Item. Jour., 24 {1900), No. 6, 

 J)}). 401-525). — Lipase was found in largest amount in the liver, next in the pancreas, 

 kidney, and submaxillary gland. The enzym was tested as to its hydrolizing power 



' Pie Arbeit der Verdauungsdriisen. Bergmann, Wiesbaden, 1898. 



