174 EXPERIMENT STATION RECORD. 



old was tcsti-il with 4 .trriuli' Jerseys. At tir^t they were fed whole milk and later 

 skim milk aii.d grain. The calves were pii«tured during the sunnner, and in the 

 .winter were fed alfalfa, t-orn stover, grain, and roots. At the beginning of the test 

 calves 1 and 2 each weighed 58 pounds. They gained on an average of 1.85 and 1.12 

 lbs. per day, respectively. Calf number 3 weighed 94 lbs. at the beginning of the 

 test and gained on an average of 1.39 lbs. per day. Number 4 weighed 76 lbs. at 

 birth and gained 1.15 lbs. on an average per day. The profit on the calves was 

 $12.78, $8.59, $9.38, and $6.82, respectively. The total cost of raising calves 1 and 2 

 was $23.30 and $22.05, respectively, while numbers 3 and 4 each cost $19.98. 



"It should be remembered that these steers were grade Jerseys, which accounts 

 for their light weights. Grades of any good beef breed would no doubt have given 

 much better returns, but this experiment was intended to show what may be done 

 with grade Jersey steers by those who seek to improve their dairy herds by the use 

 of a Jersey bull. The quality of the meat was excellent, the very 1)est sold at the 

 local n)arkets during the year." 



Report on experiments on the winter feeding of cattle, 1898-99, J. W. 

 Patersox ( West of Scotkmd Ayr. Col. Rpt. 1S99, pp. f.^).— Tests with 4 lots of steers 

 from December 24, 1898, to April 8, 1899, on the comparative value of the following 

 rations are reported : Linseed cake, decorticated cotton-seed cake and maize meal, 

 bruised oats and decorticated cotton-seed cake, and decorticated cotton-seed cake. 

 In every case Swedish turnips, hay, and straw were fed in addition. The greatest 

 profits were realized on the first ration and the lowest on the second, while the third 

 and fourth ranked between these two. Linseed cake produced more gain than the 

 decorticated cotton-seed cake, but the increase did not comjiensate for the extra 

 expense. AVhen compared with cotton-seed cake and maize, linseed cake alone was 

 still mort> unprofitable. 



Feeding' skim milk to calves, A. L. Haecker [Nebraska JSta. Bid. 68, jjp. 22- 

 29). — Six grade calves were used. Three calves (lot 1) were taken from their dams 

 a day or two after birth and fed whole milk for about 10 days. Skim milk, to which 

 flaxseed meal Avas added, was then gradually substituted for whole milk. At the 

 end of 8 weeks the calves were weaned. They were then pastured and later fed in 

 the barn. The average weight of the calves in lot 1 at the l)eginning of the trial was 

 90 lbs.; at the end of 5 months, 333 lbs.; and when a year old, 798 lbs. The three 

 calves in lot 2 were allowed to run with their dams for 5 months. The average 

 weight of the calves at birth was 78 lbs. ; at the end of 5 months, 347 lbs. ; and when 

 a year old, 792 lbs. Record was kept of the milk and butter fat j)roduced by the 

 dams of the calves in lot 1 and the data used in comj^uting the cost of feeding. 

 Among the conclusions were the following: 



"As to the quality of the calves in the two lots, it was quite easy at the end of the 

 fifth and sixth periods (of 4 weeks each) to pick out the sucking calves, as they were 

 rounder in body and had l)etter coats, but at one year old this difference could not 

 be detected. ... 



"In conclusion it maybe safely said that by careful feeding good steers can be 

 raised on skim milk by u.sing ground feed to replace the lost l)utter fat. 



"The cost of feed for a skim-milk calf raised to six months old was about nine 

 dollars. Where a market for butter is accessible, even cows with a beefy tendency 

 can be milked with profit and their calves raised with little cost and work." 



Milk and. artificial foods for calves, L. Malpeaux {BuL Soe. ]'(ni(]. A<jr. et Vit. 

 [Lausanne], WOO, No. 143, pp. 774-780). — A resume of experiments reported earlier 

 (E. S. R., 12, p. 978). 



Sheep-feeding experiments, L. Foster and L. A. Merrill ( Utah Sta. Rpt. 1900, 

 pp. LXIII-IjX V 1 1 r ) .—T\w comparative value of good wdieat, frosted Mheat, No. 1 

 wheat .screenings and No. 2 wheat screenings was tested with 4 lots (jf 24 lambs each. 

 In every case alfalfa was fed with the grains. The authors state that No. 1 wheat 



