HORTICULTURE. '243 



oxliil)its of Amcricaii t()1)iU'cos mado liy individnalH are discussed, and tlie types of 

 ti)l)acc() leaf in tiie individual exhil)it to which awards were made are pointed out. 

 A descrii)tion is given of the awards and the methods of making them and the les- 

 sons tan<rht by the tol)acco exhibits from the different countries are set fortli. 



Report on experiments on the manuring of turnips in 1899, R. 1*. Wright 

 ( West of Scotland Agr. Col. Rjit. 1S99, pp. 14) ■ — These experiments were conducted 

 on 13 farms in (i counties of Scotland, for the purpose of testing tlie value of various 

 fertilizers used in different combinations for growing turnips. The kinds and quan- 

 tities of fertilizers applied, their cost, and the increase in yield due to their use, 

 together with the total yields, are given in tables. The author draws no definite 

 conclusions, but makes the following statements: 



"In some seasons nitrate of soda applied wholly as a top-dressing to the turnip 

 crop is distinctly less effective than when it is ai)plied either wholly or })artially in 

 the drills. 



" Potash forms an essential and a profitable constituent of an artificial manure for 

 turnips, and its omission reduces both the crop and the profits." 



Successful wheat growing in semiarid districts, M. A. Carletqn ( U. S. Dept. 

 Agr. Yearbook 1900, pp. 529-54^, ph. 4)- — The successful culture of wheat in that 

 region of the Great Plains lying between the 99th and 102d meridian is discussed in 

 this article and the types of varieties of wheat best adapted for the semiarid regions 

 are described. The author states that varieties may be selected from the red spring 

 wheats and the macaroni wheats of Russian and Siberian origin, which on account 

 of being more resistant to adverse conditions would produce larger average yields 

 than the varieties now grown in the region to which he refers. The conditions under 

 which these wheats are grown in Russia are pointed out and the methods of culture 

 described. Cultural directions for growing wheat in the semiarid region are given 

 and a method for maintaining and improving the quality of wheat is suggested. 



A five-year rotation and subsoiling, G. Heuze [Jour. Agr. Prat., 1901, 1, No. 6, 

 pp. 187, 188). — A discussion on the management of calcareous soils wet in winter and 

 dry in summer. 



Commercial plant introduction, J. G. Smith ( U. S. Dept. Agr. Yearbook 1900, 

 pp. lSl-144). — This article discusses the work of plant introduction by the Depart- 

 ment of Agriculture and points out the results that have accrued from successful 

 importations. The plant introduction work as outlined by the author comprises the 

 introduction of new crops, improved strains of crops and of new varieties for plant 

 breeders. The plants and crops introduced during the past four years have been 

 tested as a rule by the experiment stations and the results obtained are here briefly 

 summarized. 



Report on plant-breeding establishments, Edl^u (Jahrb. Deut. Landw. Gesell., 

 15 (1900), pp. 403-4^6). — A report on 11 private seed-growing and lilant-breeding 

 estaljlishments in Germany. 



The breeding of agricultural plants, C. Fruwirth {Die ZiwJUung landirirlncliafi- 

 licher KnltHrpflanzni. Berlin: Paul Parey, 1900, }>p. 267). — The book treats of breed- 

 ing cereals, beets, potatoes, grasses, and other forage plants. The physiological phase 

 of plant breeding and the methods of selection and crossing are discussed. A chap- 

 ter on the management of plant breeding is also given. 



HORTICULTURE. 



Fruits, vegetables, flowers, and ornamental shrubs at the experimental 

 farms in Canada, W. T. Macoun, W. S. Blair, S. A. Bedford, A. Mackav, T. A. 

 Shari^e ( Canada Expt. Farms Rpts. 1900, pp. 97-119, 123-127, 132-143, 314-S33, 368- 

 389, 409-427, ^.5<S-^75).— Reports are here given on the fruits, vegetables, flowers, 

 and ornamental shrubs grown at the Central Station in Ottawa, and at each of the 



