250 EXPERIMENT STATION RECORD. 



Where field stone is abundant, grout walls, which are durable, effective, and 

 cheap, can be built. Sewer pipes laid deep underground for a considerable distance 

 may be used for reducing the temperature of the storage room. 



Practical experience in West Virginia has shown that the later the Willow and 

 Rome Beauty can be placed in cold storage without being actually frozen on the 

 trees, the better they will keep. In comparing the loss of weight of headed and open 

 barrels of apples in cold storage for 150 days, the loss in the headed barrel, which 

 weighed in the beginning 139^ lbs., was 4 lbs., while the loss in the barrel weighing 

 the same but not headed was 4^ lbs. The greatest loss in the stored fruit occurred 

 during the first month of storage. 



A record is given of experiments in keeping apples in sealed darkened jars, sealed 

 clear glass jars, and on the open shelf in a dark chamber and in a light chamber, in 

 cold storage. The results show an advantage in favor of storing in closed receptacles 

 as against open crates. Of the varieties placed on open shelves, the York Imperial 

 lost least in weight and the Baldwin most. The fruit in the light, with the excep- 

 tion of York Imperial, lost more in weight than fruit in darkness. From the begin- 

 ning of the test, January 4, up to March 5, all the fruit kept in perfect condition. 

 After this date Baldwins were affected by the dry rot and the York Imperials with 

 "scald." On March 26 Greenings were also affected by "scald." In regard to this 

 the author is of the opinion that "when the true cause for 'scald' is discovered it 

 will be a direct result of the physiological condition of the apple when it went 

 into storage." 



The fruit was analyzed when it was put in cold storage in January, and again the 

 latter part of April. Very little change took place. The acid content decreased 

 slightly, and there was a slight falling off of sugar content with Ben Davis, York 

 Imperial, and Rhode Island Greening, and a slight gain with Baldwin. 



In the cold storage of chestnuts, a quantity weighing nearly 177 lbs. was spread in 

 a rack 4 in. deep, 30 in. wide, and 6 ft. long, covered top and bottom with a wire screen. 

 After spreading the nuts in the cage it was suspended from the ceiling of the cold 

 chamber, and temperature maintained at 32° F. "Under these conditions the 

 loss of weight was 11 lbs. 3 oz. The quality of the kernel was maintained in a 

 remarkable manner, and by some the nuts in ]May were adjudged better than in the 

 fall. The insects, too, were so completely benumbed, if not entirely killed, that 

 they did no damage to the nuts after being placed in store." The opinions of a num- 

 ber of horticulturists and commission men on the quality of tb.e nuts and the proba- 

 ble profits in storing chestnuts are quoted, and are to the effect that while the quality 

 of the stored nuts is satisfactory, there is as yet no market for them after the regular 

 chestnut season closes in December. 



A table, quoted from Seibel, is given, showing the temperature for keeping a num- 

 ber of fruits and vegetables in cold storage. 



The influence of refrig-eration on the fruit industry, W^. A. Taylor ( U. S. 

 Dept. Agr.Yearbouk 1900, pp. 561-580, 2ils. 5). — This reviews the historical develop- 

 ment of refrigeration and cold storage; shows the influence of refrigeration as exer- 

 cised in the development of certain fruit and vegetable districts; the effects of refrig- 

 eration upon the apple trade, etc. The value of cold storage and refrigeration in 

 transit on the development of the fruit industry is brought out especially. 



Cold or cool storage of fruit, W. Crump, G. Bunv.\rd, et al. {Garden, 59 {1901), 

 No. 1534, pp. 266, 267). — The desirability and proper mode of underground cellar 

 storage for apples in England are pointed out. 



Memorandum respecting cold storage and the utility of collecting stations 

 {Ontario: Govt., 1900, jjp- 16). — The value of cold storage in furthering agriculture 

 and foreign shipments of fruit, vegetables, and other farm produce is pointed out. 



Canning and pulping fruit {Jour. Dept. Agr. West. Australia, 3 {1901), No. 3, 

 pp. 211-214). — Directions are given for canning apricots, peaches, plums, pears, figs, 

 gooseberries, and tomatoes, and for putting uj) the same without sugar. 



