ENTOMOLOGY. 201 



plowing uncU'r tlie .s(iil)l)K', buriiiiijj; iinused straw in the spring, and .snnimer fallow- 

 ing every other year. Red-backed cutworm {Carneadcs ochroijasler) was injurious to 

 turnijis and other garden plants. Grasshoppers caused considerable damage to field 

 crops but were successfully combated by burning and plowing stubble fields and by 

 the use of hopper-dozers and poisoned bait. The species chiefly concerned were 

 Melanoplus packardii, M. atlanis, and Camnula jjellucida. Brief notes are given on the 

 occv-rrence and injuries of wdiite grubs, the pea weevil, the destructive pea ai)his, 

 and pea moths {Scmasia nigricana) . In combating the last-named insect the author 

 recommends 3 sprayings with Paris green, 1 when the blossoms begin to fall, the 

 second a week later, and a third after another 10 days. 



Descriptive and economic notes are presented on the variegated cutworm {Peri- 

 droma saucia) , and spotted cutworm {Noctua c-nigrum). The author describes these 

 species in detail and gives a summary of reports of correspondents concerning their 

 appearance and injuries. Notes are also given on parasites and predaceous enemies of 

 these species, and a general discussion is given of the approved remedies for fighting 

 cutworms.' The cabbage jjlusia is rejjorted as having attacked chrysanthemums, 

 smilax, and other plants, as well as cabbages. Experiments with the San Jose scale 

 showed that while whale-oil soap at the strength of 2 lbs. to 1 gal. of warm water killed 

 many of the scales, it was not as effective as the crude petroleum. The latter insecticide 

 gave good results when used with a mechanical mixture of water, containing 30 per 

 cent of the petroleum. This mixture caused uo damage to apple trees, but should 

 be used with care on plum and peach trees. A few San Jos6 scale escaped on every 

 tree which was treated, and the author believes that a combination of whale-oil soap 

 and crude petroleuhi may be more effective. The palmer worm caused considerable 

 damage to apple trees on the northern shore of Lake Ontario. Greenhouse leaf tier 

 {Phlydxnia fcrrugalis) caused some loss by its attack upon roses, violets, and chrys- 

 anthenmms. As a remedial treatment the author recommends hand picking of leaves 

 on which caterpillars are found. Cucxecia parallela is reported as an enemy of rose 

 bushes in greenhouses. It attacks the leaves and draws them together by means of 

 silk threads. In fighting this insect the author recommends hand picking of the 

 caterpillars and spraying or fumigation with hydrocyanic-acid gas. 



Brief notes are given on a number of insects injurious to forage crops, fruits, and 

 vegetables. 



A report on apiary experiments is made by John Fixter. The natural stores of 4 

 colonies were extracted on September 17, and in all 8 lbs. of sugar were fed to these 

 bees. At the beginning of the feeding the average weight of hives and colonies was 

 335 lbs., and at the close 525 lbs. Experiments were made in wintering bees and in 

 noting the effect upon the strength of "the colony of various times of moving from 

 the winter quarters. On March 10, 18 colonies were moved, 6 being placed in a 

 sheltered apiary, 6 in a house apiary, and 6 in an exposed apiary. The balance of 

 the colonies were taken from their winter quarters on April 8. On April 18 an 

 examination of the colonies showed that in every instance those that were set out 

 first had more brood and eggs and appeared to be more active than those which 

 were set out later. A list of plants, trees, and shrubs on which bees were seen 

 working is given. The results of experiments with comb foundations and sections 

 showed that the smaller the sheet of foundation which was used, the more holes or 

 gaps there were around the comb in the sections. The author recommends, there- 

 fore, that full sheets of foundation be used. 



Report of the entomolog'ist, E. D. S.\NDEitsoN {Delaware Sta. Rpt. 1900, pp. 14^- 

 238, figs. l'J,2>ls. 5). — An article on the strawberry root-louse and the destructive pea 

 louse (pp. 143-186) has already been noted {Y.. S. R., 12, p. 970). 



Notes are given on a number of apple insects, including Aplils sorbi, A. padi, 

 Sleganoptijcha pgricolana, Caaecia rosaceana, etc. Similar notes were published in 

 Division of Entomology Bulletin 20 (E. S. R., 12, p. 861). 



